“…Examples of sophisticated techniques that have received much attention recently are activity-based costing (Kaplan and Cooper, 1998), the balanced scorecard (Kaplan and Norton, 1996), and shareholder value (Rappaport, 1998). Unfortunately, researchers who study the introduction of these and other sophisticated accounting techniques often find that success is not always guaranteed (Shields, 1995;Player and Keys, 1995a, 1995b, 1995cter Bogt and van Helden, 2000). In explaining the lack of success, these researchers focus primarily on implementation-related factors.…”