Accounting and reporting on L-VPI, L-VN-CMA in construction: display standards, identification and organization issues

Abstract

Introduction. In construction enterprises are hundreds of types and thousands of names of low-value and perishable items (LVPI) and low-value non-current tangible assets (LVNTA), which require a more detailed study and a significant reduction of costs from the buyer to production consumption at a specific construction site. For every construction enterprise, it’s important to prevent the loss of these items and assets during their acquisition, transportation, acceptance-handover, storage, as well as to systematically control the level of costs for them, increase the duration of their use, and ensure optimal volumes of production consumption during business processes in construction This gives us reason to claim that the topic of our research is relevant and deserves attention.Purpose. The purpose of the article is the analysis of scientific articles devoted to the problems of accounting for LVPI and LVNTA in construction, directions for their solution, and the development of the authors’ own opinion and proposals for solving these problems. Method (methodology). During the study of this topic, the following methods were applied: monographic - for the purpose of studying literary sources on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA in construction; regulatory and legal support - for the purpose of characterizing the genesis and current state of legislation in the field of accounting for stocks and fixed assets of enterprises; graphic - to establish the existing relationships between them and LVPI and LVNTA in construction enterprises of Ukraine, etc.Results. In a number of provisions of the Order of the enterprise “On the accounting policy of the enterprise”, more attention should be paid to LVPI and LVNTA, and for their list in the enterprise in general and its structural subdivisions, 2-3 appendices should be allocated. In Ukraine, it is expedient to introduce either a separate Ukrainian national standards on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA, or Methodical recommendations or Regulations on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA. In the “Methodical recommendations for inventory accounting”, a whole section should be devoted to LVPI and LVNTA, as it was once done in relation to containers (“Peculiarities of container accounting”). In practice, LVPI and LVNTA are often treated with a certain frivolity and the conditions of their storage and preservation are not sufficiently controlled both in the warehouses of enterprises and in production units. As a result, enterprises lose tens, hundreds of thousands of hryvnias, and sometimes much more. The nuances that arise in practice regarding business operations around the triad “LVPI and LVNTA and fixed assets” create a lot of doubts and cautions for accountants, which don’t contribute to a positive microclimate in the company’s accounting department. It is necessary to carry out timely documentation of all operations of the movement of material values and control over them, including control over compliance with the norms of the use of various types and names of LVPI, in particular: overalls (cotton, tarpaulin, rubber suits; overalls; cotton jackets and pants; rubber boots; signal vests), household equipment (buckets, shovels, rakes, brooms, scoops), tools (saws, scissors, hammers, vices, pliers, knives) canvases, keys, screwdrivers), stationery (printing paper, paper clips, buttons, ballpoint pens, pencils, rulers), office furniture (desks, computer tables, office cabinets, chairs and armchairs), personal protective equipment (PPE: respirators, gauze masks, rubber and canvas gloves, protective glasses, helmets, helmets), etc.Perspectives. In the future, it’s necessary to deepen and expand research on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA of enterprises in the direction of specification by forms of ownership, organizational and legal forms, types of economic activity, taking into account the received foreign and Ukrainian experience on this issue, as well as research opportunities to significantly reduce costs for these types of material resources, primarily due to strengthening measures for their conservation, rational and multiple use.

Облікова Політика Як Інструмент Управління Підприємством

“…Інший вчений В.А. Дерія підкреслює, що : «під обліковою політикою підприємства слід розуміти офіційно затверджене на підприємстві надане державою йому право вибору, з урахуванням цілей, специфіки діяльності підприємства та чинних правових актів, відповідних методик та форм, техніки ведення бухгалтерського обліку» [6].…”