Accountability for Consequential Decisions: Justifying Ethical Judgments to Audiences

Pennington, John; Schlenker, Barry R.

doi:10.1177/01461672992512001

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted that communicators' conformity to the viewpoint of the audience is not necessarily a matter of superficial change. A clear illustration of this has been reported by Pennington and Schlenker (1999) who found that participants adopted the position of the audience even when the anticipated meeting with the audience was unexpectedly cancelled. Kashima (2000;Lyons & Kashima, 2003) recently proposed that such cognitive tuning could also play a key role with respect to stereotype maintenance.…”

Section: Audience Communicationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Subtyping and social consensus: the role of the audience in the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs

Carnaghi

Yzerbyt

2007

Euro J Social Psych

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Two studies investigated the effect of stereotypes held by a prospective audience on participants' reactions to a stereotype-disconfirming member. In Study 1, participants formed an impression of a positive disconfirming gay in order to communicate it to an audience known to hold a negative versus positive stereotype about gays. As predicted, participants subtyped the deviant more in the former than in the latter case. Moreover, participants' stereotype at the end of the study mirrored the audience's assumed stereotypes about gays. In Study 2, participants learned about a stereotype allegedly held by an ingroup or an outgroup audience about Belgians and then received information about a Belgian who disconfirmed the stereotype. As predicted, the deviant was seen as less typical when he violated the stereotype held by an ingroup than by an outgroup audience. Also, participants' stereotype about Belgians was more similar to the one held by the ingroup audience. A mediational analysis confirmed that participants subtyped the disconfirming member in order to embrace the stereotype advocated by the ingroup audience. Results are discussed in light of recent models of stereotype change.

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Section: Audience Communicationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Subtyping and social consensus: the role of the audience in the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs

Carnaghi

Yzerbyt

2007

Euro J Social Psych

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“…They follow the old adage of 'safety in numbers' or, according to Pennington and Schlenker [37], they conform to the position of the audience.…”

Section: The Principle Of Social Proofmentioning

confidence: 96%

Broadening the Influence of Asset Managers Through the Six Principles of Persuasion

Swart

Vlok

Jooste

2016

SAJIE

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Asset managers (AMRs) have long struggled to influence others within their organisations to support Asset Management (AM) practices. This dilemma was further highlighted with the issuance of the AM suite of standards, ISO 55000. This paper explores an alternative approach to existing influence and change management approaches. Social psychology, and more specifically Robert Cialdini's 'six principles of persuasion', have benefited advertisers, lawyers, and even waiters in their respective professions, by helping them to influence others and induce compliance. Fortunately, AMRs can now do the same. Implementing these principles offers numerous advantages and requires small, practical, and often costless changes that can make a large difference to their ability to influence and persuade others in an ethical way. OPSOMMINGBatebestuurders (BBs) sukkel reeds lank om ander mense binne hulle organisasies te beïnvloed om batebestuurspraktyke te ondersteun. Hierdie dilemma is verder beklemtoon met die uitreiking van die versamelde Batebestuur (BB) standaarde, ISO 55000. Hierdie studie ondersoek 'n alternatiewe benadering tot bestaande invloed-en veranderingsbestuursbenaderings. Sosiale sielkunde, en meer spesifiek Robert Cialdini se ses beginsels van oorreding, het al adverteerders, prokureurs en selfs kelners in hulle onderskeie beroepe bevoordeel. Dit het hulle gehelp om ander mense te beïnvloed en toegeeflikheid te verseker. Gelukkig kan BBs nou die selfde doen. Die implementering van hierdie beginsels bied verskeie voordele en vereis slegs klein, praktiese en meestal kostelose veranderinge wat kan lei tot groot verskille in hulle vermoë om ander mense op 'n etiese manier te beïnvloed en te oorreed.

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“…Há uma série de pesquisas na área de psicologia social que demonstram a tendência de sintonizarmos as nossas atitudes àquelas das pessoas com as quais interagimos (e.g., PENNINGTON & SCHLENKER, 1999;SINCLAIR et al, 2005). Nós sentimos uma necessidade de pertencer a um determinado grupo e os nossos julgamentos morais são moldados por aquilo que os outros membros do grupo acreditam.…”

Section: Contribuições Da Psicologia Moralunclassified

Ética evolucionista: a diferença entre altruísmo e moralidade

Rex

2017

Dissertatio

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UnBResumo: Autores que adotam a abordagem da ética evolucionista para explicar a conformação da psicologia humana costumam confundir altruísmo e moralidade, ignorando que a existência de comportamentos cooperativos e de punições contra indivíduos egoístas não depende da existência de juízos morais. No presente artigo, apresento argumentos extraídos de discussões entre cognitivistas e não-cognitivistas e resultados de estudos na área da Psicologia moral a fim de esclarecer a importância de distinguir os dois conceitos mencionados. Concluo que a compreensão das diferenças entre altruísmo e moralidade conduz à identificação das diversas capacidades intelectuais envolvidas nos julgamentos morais e é essencial para o projeto de averiguar se a capacidade para julgar moralmente é uma adaptação biológica. Palavras-chave: Ética evolucionista; altruísmo; moralidade; não-cognitivismo; raciocínio moral. IntroduçãoA ética evolucionista descritiva 1 apela para a teoria da evolução a fim de explicar a origem de certas capacidades humanas, tendências, comportamentos, padrões de pensamento e comportamento. Autores que adotam essa abordagem costumam, por exemplo, examinar a hipótese de que a capacidade humana de julgar moralmente é produto do processo de seleção natural (FITZPATRICK, 2016; JOYCE, 2006, p. 143).Abordagens evolutivas da moralidade em geral se dedicam a explicar o altruísmo entre os seres humanos. Alguns pesquisadores acreditam que há alguma forma de moralidade inclusive em outros animais e fundamentam essa crença com base em observações de comportamentos altruístas entre outras espécies. Warneken e Tomasello (2006), e.g., demonstraram que chimpanzés são prestativos, quando se trata de alcançar objetos caídos 'acidentalmente' aos pesquisadores. De Waal (1996) demonstrou que eles compartilham comida, consolam uns aos outros e retribuem os cuidados recebidos. No entanto, embora altruísmo e moralidade estejam relacionados, é importante não confundi-los. O fato de que certos animais praticam condutas que 1 Para a distinção entre ética evolucionista descritiva, ética evolucionista prescritiva e metaética evolucionista, ver Fitz Patrick (2016).

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Accountability for Consequential Decisions: Justifying Ethical Judgments to Audiences

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Subtyping and social consensus: the role of the audience in the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs

Subtyping and social consensus: the role of the audience in the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs

Broadening the Influence of Asset Managers Through the Six Principles of Persuasion

Ética evolucionista: a diferença entre altruísmo e moralidade

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