Accommodative Lag Under Habitual Seeing Conditions: Comparison Between Adult Myopes and Emmetropes

Influence of Accommodative Lag upon the Far-Gradient Measurement of Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation Ratio in Strabismic Patients

“…7,17 In addition, adults with stable myopia do not show large LOAs. 18,19 Coincidentally, a negative correlation was found between LOAs and between refractive errors and LOAs in our strabismic patients (Fig. 4).…”

“…20 Interestingly, the large LOA observed in myopic children seems to become smaller with age. 18,19,21 This implies that the AC/A ratios measured using the far-gradient method can be altered by age even if the AC/A relationship remains the same. The adjustment of the AC/A ratio with an individually measured LOA (adjusted AC/A ratio) is likely to be useful in clinics to avoid a false positive when we diagnose a low AC/A ratio or a false negative when we diagnose a high AC/A ratio.…”

Convergence Accommodation to Convergence (CA/C) Ratio in Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Decompensated Exophoria

“…This instrument makes it possible to make refractometric measurements in one eye while the subject gazes at an external target with both eyes, and it has been reported to be highly reliable for clinical testing. 16,17 The prism powers were selected within an individual fusional range (recovery points), which was measured in advance using the prisms and the Lang stereo-test I (Lang Stereotest, Fresnel Prism and Lens), with stereoscopic disparity of 600 s). For each prism stimulus, binocular fusion was confirmed by asking the subject whether he/she had diplopia or not.…”

Accommodative Lag Under Habitual Seeing Conditions: Comparison Between Myopic and Emmetropic Children

“…However, accommodative responses were influenced by individual heterophoria under binocular conditions. 14,15 For subjects who usually used spectacles, the contact lenses introduced alterations in the perceptual target size and brightness, which probably influenced the subject's accommodative responses. Therefore, characteristics of the accommodative lags reported under these experimental conditions do not necessarily represent real-life conditions.…”