Accommodative and tonic convergence and anatomical contracture in partially accommodative and non‐accommodative esotropia

Lee, Tae Eun; Kim, Seung Hyun

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00924.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… 58 Lee et al found that WTR astigmatism and oblique astigmatism were increased on near vision. 59 Overall, a tendency toward WTR astigmatism at near is reported, 58 , 59 , 61 so that a greater WTR blur tolerance might be expected. On the contrary, age is expected to lead to an ATR astigmatism which could make presbyopes less sensitive to ATR blur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances

Tavazzi¹,

Vlasak²,

Zeri³

2023

OPTO

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Purpose To investigate and compare the degradation of visual acuity (VA) in myopic presbyopes due to lens-induced astigmatism at near and at far distance. Patients and Methods Fourteen corrected myopic presbyopes were recruited. VA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was measured binocularly for different conditions of lens-induced astigmatism: cylindrical powers of −0.25, −0.50, −0.75, −1.00, −1.50, and −2.00 diopters (and positive spherical power of half the cylindrical power) with two axis orientations (with-the-rule WTR and against-the-rule ATR) were added to their optical correction. Measurements were carried out at far and near distance both in photopic and mesopic conditions, and for high and low contrast (HC/LC) stimuli. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank statistics test was used to evaluate difference between conditions. Results The measured VA as a function of the lens-induced astigmatism was described by regression lines in all investigated experimental conditions. The angular coefficients (slopes) of these lines represent the VA degradation, ie, the variation in logMAR corresponding to the addition of 1.00 diopters of cylindrical power. In photopic HC conditions, the VA degradation is significantly more pronounced at far distance than at near distance (0.22±0.06 diopters −1 vs 0.15±0.05 diopters −1 , p = 0.0061 in WTR conditions; 0.18±0.06 diopters −1 vs 0.12±0.05 diopters −1 , p = 0.0017 in ATR conditions), although VAs at near and at far with zero cylinder were similar (−0.14±0.10 vs −0.14±0.08, p = 0.824). Conclusion The better tolerance to lens-induced astigmatism blur at near than at far distance in photopic conditions with HC stimuli is tentatively attributed to a possible experience-mediated neural compensation associated to the tendency of the eye toward an inherent astigmatism at near.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances

Tavazzi¹,

Vlasak²,

Zeri³

2023

OPTO

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“…There is no consensus regarding the pathogenic convergent mechanism of CET. The tonic part of convergence changes with time 11 and is responsible for the variance in esodeviation. We believe that the effect of the recession was augmented in this study, since the Faden operation may add a globe stabilization effect without significantly increasing the limitation of movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term follow-up study on surgical outcomes of the Faden operation in consecutive esotropia

Kim

2021

Sci Rep

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We evaluated the long-term surgical outcomes of medial rectus (MR) recession with the Faden operation in consecutive esotropia (CET). We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent MR recession with the Faden operation for CET between 2013 and 2018, and compared surgical outcomes between patients who underwent MR recession with the Faden operation (Faden group) and MR recession only (control group). We followed up the patients at 24 months postoperatively. Postoperative success was defined as final deviation of less than distant 5 prism diopters (PD) of eso- or exodeviation at the final visit. We compared postoperative alignment and stereoacuity between the two groups. Stereoacuity was classified as good (60 or better seconds of arc), fair (80–3000 s of arc) or nil. The Faden and control group included 11 and 13 patients, respectively. All patients in the Faden group showed orthophoria and eight patients (72.7%) showed good stereoacuity at the final visit. One patient (9.1%) in the Faden group showed adduction limitation at the final visit. Eight patients (61.5%) in the control group had successful outcomes at the final visit. Six patients (46.2%) in the control group showed good stereoacuity at the final visit. One patient (7.7%) in the control group underwent reoperation for recurrent esotropia at 18 months postoperatively. The surgical outcomes after MR recession with the Faden operation for CET were excellent in long-term follow- up. The Faden operation could be a good surgical option for CET.

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“…Our study showed that 7% of intermittent exotropia patients who underwent BLR recession developed consecutive ET. The increase in medial rectus muscle tone after BLR recession may play a role in development of consecutive ET following BLR recession, but there is no consensus on the pathogenic mechanism [14,15]. Known risk factors for consecutive ET Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation (range).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of Delayed-onset Consecutive Esotropia after Surgical Correction of Intermittent Exotropia

Baik

Kim

2020

Korean J Ophthalmol

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Consecutive esotropia (ET) is a persisting or variable esodeviation after surgery to correct exotropia. The prevalence of such surgical overcorrection in patients with exodeviation ranges from 6% to 20% [1,2]. Risk factors for consecutive ET include lateral incomitancy [3], high ac-Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of a delayed-onset consecutive esotropia (ET) after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia. Methods: Thirty-four patients who developed consecutive ET after primary bilateral lateral rectus recession for the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia were evaluated retrospectively and were divided into two groups: delayed-onset consecutive ET group and the continuous consecutive ET group. Patients who developed esodeviation after once recovering to orthotropia within 1 month after the operation were included in the delayed-onset consecutive ET group, and patients with continuous esodeviation after the operation were included in the continuous consecutive ET group. We evaluated preoperative and postoperative angle of deviation, suppression, stereopsis, and follow up periods between the two groups and compared re-operation and success following non-surgical treatment between the continuous consecutive ET group and the delayed-onset consecutive ET group. Results: Among 34 patients with consecutive ET, 27 patients (79.4%) were included in the delayed-onset consecutive ET group, and seven patients (23.3%) were included in the continuous group. Success rate of non-surgical treatment was not statistically significant between two groups (p = 0.55), but it was higher in the delayed-onset group with 37.5%, and 25% of patients in continuous group were successfully recovered to straight alignment. Duration of orthotropia in delayed-onset group was 7.4 ± 6.0 months (range, 2-29 months). Age, sex, preoperative refractive error, preoperative exodeviation, suppression, and near steroacuity were not statistically significant between two groups (p > 0.05, all). In the delayed-onset group, three patients (11.1%) underwent re-operation, while three patients (42.9%) in continuous consecutive ET group underwent re-operation (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Re-operation rate of delayed-onset consecutive ET after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia was lower than that of continuous consecutive ET.

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Accommodative and tonic convergence and anatomical contracture in partially accommodative and non‐accommodative esotropia

Abstract: Among the three components, tonic convergence was responsible for a larger portion of esodeviation than anatomical contracture in partially accommodative esotropia, whereas anatomical contracture played a greater role in the non-accommodative esotropia group.

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances

Long-term follow-up study on surgical outcomes of the Faden operation in consecutive esotropia

Clinical Manifestations of Delayed-onset Consecutive Esotropia after Surgical Correction of Intermittent Exotropia

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