Accommodative and convergence anomalies in patients with opioid use disorder

Abstract

PurposeTo determine the prevalence of accommodative and convergence anomalies and their related factors in a population of young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method. The study sample included male young adults with OUD who referred to a specialized drug‐dependence rehabilitation center in Mashhad, Iran. The diagnosis of OUD was made by a psychologist based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) criteria. All patients underwent complete optometric examinations.ResultsEighty male young adults with OUD were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 30.5 ± 3.9 years (age range = 19 to 35 years). The prevalence of accommodative and convergence disorders was 33.75% (95% CI: 23.55–45.19) and 25.00 (95% CI: 15.99–35.94), respectively. Accommodative insufficiency (22.5%, 95% CI: 13.91‐ 33.21) had a higher prevalence than accommodative excess (3.75%, 95% CI: 0.78–10.57) and accommodative infacility (7.50%, 95% CI: 2.80–15.61). Convergence insufficiency (18.75%, 95% CI: 10.89–29.03) had a higher prevalence compared to convergence excess (3.75%, 95% URL: https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ceoptom Email: TCEO-peerreview@journals.tandf.co.uk Clinical and Experimental Optometry For Review CI: 0.78–10.57) and basic exophoria (2.50%, 95% CI: 0.30–8.74). According to the multiple logistic regression, a significant inverse relationship was observed between pupil size with accommodative insufficiency (OR = 0.45), accommodative infacility (OR = 0.67), and convergence insufficiency (OR = 0.55).ConclusionsThe results of the present study showed a higher prevalence of accommodative and convergence disorders in OUD patients compared to the prevalence reported in previous studies conducted on the normal populations with a similar age range.