Acclimation to decompression: stress and cytokine gene expression in rat lungs

Chen, Ye; Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth; Schlaerth, Christine; Auker, Charles R.; McCarron, Richard M.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01402.2010

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Because inflammation has been repeatedly reported after diving, we also assessed whether enalapril treatment could act through its anti-inflammatory action. Previous studies showed that IL-6 is increased with DCS (Ersson et al, 1998 ; Blatteau et al, 2012 ; Bao et al, 2015 ) but not asymptomatic individuals (Chen et al, 2011 ; Blatteau et al, 2012 ). In our study rats treated with enalapril did not have modified levels of this biomarker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Commercial divers, high altitude pilots, and astronauts are exposed to some inherent risk of decompression sickness (DCS), though the mechanisms that trigger are still unclear. It has been previously showed that diving may induce increased levels of serum angiotensin converting enzyme. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the most important regulators of blood pressure and fluid volume. The purpose of the present study was to control the influence of angiotensin II on the appearance of DCS.Methods: Sprague Dawley rats have been pre-treated with inhibitor of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (losartan; 10 mg/kg), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril; 10 mg/kg), and calcium-entry blocker (nifedipine; 20 mg/kg). The experimental groups were treated for 4 weeks before exposure to hyperbaric pressure while controls were not treated. Seventy-five rats were subjected to a simulated dive at 1000 kPa absolute pressure for 45 min before starting decompression. Clinical assessment took place over a period of 60 min after surfacing. Blood samples were collected for measurements of TBARS, interleukin 6 (IL-6), angiotensin II (ANG II) and ACE.Results: The diving protocol induced 60% DCS in non-treated animals. This ratio was significantly decreased after treatment with enalapril, but not other vasoactive drugs. Enalapril did not change ANG II or ACE concentration, while losartant decreased post dive level of ACE but not ANG II. None of the treatment modified the effect of diving on TBARS and IL-6 values.Conclusion: Results suggests that the rennin angiotensin system is involved in a process of triggering DCS but this has to be further investigated. However, a vasorelaxation mediated process, which potentially could increase the load of inert gas during hyperbaric exposure, and antioxidant properties were excluded by our results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

et al. 2018

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“…These results suggested a low-grade balanced activation of proand anti-inflammatory factors. Such activation may protect the circulatory homeostasis during diving; in line with this notion animal studies have indicated that repeated bouts of stressful hyperbaric exposure reduce the risk of morbidity after subsequent exposures (10,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Acute and potentially persistent effects of scuba diving on the blood transcriptome of experienced divers

Eftedal

Ljubković

Jørgensen

et al. 2013

Physiological Genomics

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During scuba diving, the circulatory system is stressed by an elevated partial pressure of oxygen while the diver is submerged and by decompression-induced gas bubbles on ascent to the surface. This diving-induced stress may trigger decompression illness, but the majority of dives are asymptomatic. In this study we have mapped divers' blood transcriptomes with the aim of identifying genes, biological pathways, and cell types perturbed by the physiological stress in asymptomatic scuba diving. Ten experienced divers abstained from diving for >2 wk before performing a 3-day series of daily dives to 18 m depth for 47 min while breathing compressed air. Blood for microarray analysis was collected before and immediately after the first and last dives, and 10 matched nondivers provided controls for predive stationary transcriptomes. MetaCore GeneGo analysis of the predive samples identified stationary upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis, inflammation, and innate immune responses in the divers, most significantly involving genes in the TNFR1 pathway of caspase-dependent apoptosis, HSP60/HSP70 signaling via TLR4, and NF-κB-mediated transcription. Diving caused pronounced shifts in transcription patterns characteristic of specific leukocytes, with downregulation of genes expressed by CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells and upregulation of genes expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Antioxidant genes were upregulated. Similar transient responses were observed after the first and last dive. The results indicate that sublethal oxidative stress elicits the myeloid innate immune system in scuba diving and that extensive diving may cause persistent change in pathways controlling apoptosis, inflammation, and innate immune responses.

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“…Since it has been reported that TNF is involved in the progression of DCS, 8,9 we were quite interested in the altered expression of TNF in DCS animals. We further confirmed the elevated expression of TNF in spinal cord tissues of DCS animals from the transcription and protein expression levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a cytokine with various biological actions, TNF-a participates in immune and inflammatory responses. 8,9 TNF exerts its biological activities by binding to its receptor on the cell membrane. After binding, TNF triggers signal transduction pathways, including apoptosis and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and JNK pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profile of type II spinal cord decompression sickness

et al. 2014

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Study design: This study was an experimental, controlled, animal study. Objective: This study was to determine the changes of molecular pathology in spinal cord decompression sickness (SC-DCS) based on a rabbit model of SC-DCS with the aid of an all-gene expression profile chip. Setting: Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. Methods: A gene expression profile chip containing 43 803 genes was used to compare the gene expressions in the spinal cords of four male New Zealand white rabbits in the SC-DCS and control groups, respectively. Selected differentially expressed genes were identified with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Results: The chip hybridization results showed that the SC-DCS group had nine upregulated and seventeen downregulated genes, compared with the control group. These genes were mainly related to inflammation, ion channels, the cell cycle, material transfer and apoptosis. The qRT-PCR results showed that parathyroid hormone and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) genes were upregulated compared with the control group (Po0.01). However, the acyl-CoA synthetase and voltage-gated channel genes were downregulated (Po0.05). The immunohistochemical staining results confirmed that there were significantly greater expression levels of TNF-a in the spinal cord tissues of the SC-DCS group compared with the control group. Conclusions: The spinal cord lesions of SC-DCS involve multiple gene changes in the rabbit; however, the significance of these findings needs further research. Meanwhile, the gene expression profile chip results provide us with a better understanding of the pathogenesis of DCS.

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Acclimation to decompression: stress and cytokine gene expression in rat lungs

Abstract: RM. Acclimation to decompression: stress and cytokine gene expression in rat lungs.

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

Acute and potentially persistent effects of scuba diving on the blood transcriptome of experienced divers

Gene expression profile of type II spinal cord decompression sickness

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