Acclimation to cold stress reduces injury from low temperature and bispyribac‐sodium on rice

Abstract

BACKGROUND In subtropical areas, early planting exposes rice seedlings to cold stress, impairing seedling growth and making them more vulnerable to other stresses including herbicide injury. The objectives of this work were: to evaluate the effect of cold stress on bispyribac‐sodium selectivity in rice; to determine the mechanisms of cold tolerance in sensitive (‘Epagri 109’) and tolerant (‘IRGA 424’) rice cultivars; and to ascertain that cold acclimatization influences bispyribac‐sodium selectivity in rice. RESULTS Prolonged cold stress caused high lipid peroxidation, increased rice injury, and stunted growth. Short‐term acclimation with cold stress reduced rice injury with bispyribac‐sodium. Total phenols were upregulated in rice exposed to cold stress. Prolonged cold stress increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in IRGA 424. Antioxidant activity was higher in the cold‐tolerant than in the cold‐sensitive cultivar. Only catalase activity was responsive to bispyribac‐sodium. OsRAN2, OsGSTL2, and CYP72A21 were upregulated by cold and herbicide stress in both cultivars. OsGSTL2 was upregulated more in IRGA 424 than in Epagri 109. OsFAD8 was upregulated in cold‐sensitive rice exposed to short‐duration cold stress but was not responsive to bispyribac‐sodium. CONCLUSION Cold stress reduces bispyribac‐sodium selectivity in rice. Short‐term acclimation to cold stress reduces the effect of cold stress and enhances bispyribac‐sodium selectivity. The tolerance of rice (IRGA 424) to cold stress is due to differential induction of protection genes CYP72A21 and OsGSTL2 associated with herbicide metabolism, together with the accumulation of total phenols and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Low Temperature Delays Metabolism of Quizalofop in Resistant Winter Wheat and Three Annual Grass Weed Species

“…Plants acclimated to cold may tolerate herbicides despite reduced temperatures, as is the case with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and bispyribac (Martini et al, 2021). Conversely, reduced temperatures generally suppress plant growth and slow metabolism, especially in plants that have been dehardened, or lost acclimation to cool temperatures as is the case for most plants in spring.…”

Assessment of the efficiency of animal bones and neem leaves adsorbents in the removal of Cadmium ions from aqueous medium

“…The moisture content of samples refers to the amount of water retained in that sample expressed as a percentage. Hence, the results obtained for animal bones samples were good since the yield and quantity of the activated carbon produced can be enhanced by removal of moisture [16], in comparison, the samples of neem leaves( carbonized, raw and activated) had moisture contents of 20, 20 and 10%, respectively with the activated neem leaves showing the most promise.…”

“…The sample was divided into two, sample A tagged as raw animal bones, and sample B as carbonized. The samples were kept in an airtight container to prevent it from coming in contact with moisture and contamination from the environment [16].…”