Acclimation-Induced Changes in the Toxicity of Zinc and Cadmium to Rainbow Trout

Stubblefield, William A.; Steadman, Bryan L.; Point, Thomas W. La; Bergman, Harold L.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2875:aicitt>2.3.co;2

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…No further increase in copper tolerance was observed in daphnids acclimated to 150 g Cu L Ϫ1 , compared to that of daphnids acclimated to 100 g Cu L Ϫ1 . Similar results of the existence of a certain acclimation plateau also are observed in acclimation experiments with zinc for D. magna [13] and rainbow trout [34]. It may be hypothesized that the increased copper tolerance is leveling off when daphnids are acclimated to a concentration higher than half of the EC50 concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Influence of multigeneration acclimation to copper on tolerance, energy reserves, and homeostasis of Daphnia magna Straus

Bossuyt

Janssen

2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A multigeneration acclimation experiment was performed with Daphnia magna exposed to copper to assess possible changes in tolerance and to establish the optimal concentration range (OCEE) of this species. The hypothesis was tested that as the bioavailable background concentration of an essential metal increases (within realistic limits), the natural tolerance (to the metal) of the acclimated/adapted organisms and communities will increase. During 18 months the daphnids were exposed to six different, environmentally relevant, copper background concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 100 microg Cu L(-1) (7 x 10(-15) and 3.7 x 10(-9) M Cu2+). An increase in acute (effect concentration resulting in 50% immobility: 48-h EC50) and chronic copper (effect concentration resulting in 50% or 10% reproduction reduction: 21-d EC50, 21-d EC10) tolerance was observed with increasing exposure concentration. The 48-h EC50 increased significantly from 204 +/- 24 microg Cu L(-1) to 320 +/- 43 microg Cu L(-1). A nonsignificant change from 48.0 (47.9-48.0) microg Cu L(-1) to 78.8 (66.3-93.6) microg Cu L(-1) was noted in the chronic toxicity assays. The optimal concentration range was assessed using different biological parameters (i.e., net reproduction [R0]), energy reserves (Ea), body length measurements, filtration rates, and body burdens. After three generations of acclimation the OCEE ranged between 1 and 35 microg Cu L(-1) (2 X 10(-14) to 80 x 10(-12) M Cu2+). Body burden measurements revealed an active copper regulation up to 35 microg Cu L(-1) (80 pM Cu2+). It can be concluded that acclimation of D. magna to copper does occur in laboratory experiments, even at realistic copper background concentrations (10(-11) - 10(-9) M Cu2+). However, it is suggested that this phenomenon is of less importance in the context of regulatory risk assessments. An optimal copper concentration range for D. magna was observed between 1 and 35 microg Cu L(-1) (10(-14) - 10(-11) M Cu2+), indicating that copper deficiency can occur in routine laboratory cultures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Influence of multigeneration acclimation to copper on tolerance, energy reserves, and homeostasis of Daphnia magna Straus

Bossuyt

Janssen

2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The concept therefore includes an assessment of metal bioavailability as well as an assessment of organism acclimation, both of which have been demonstrated to be important for risk assessments in aquatic environments [22,28]. Using the previously discussed relationships, a series of regional PNEC values was derived using both effects of pH on Zn supply and effects of background Zn on organism response.…”

Section: Application To a Metalloregion Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity of Zn salts was not consistently reduced with increasing soil pH. For example, it is well recognized that adaptation or acclimation of aquatic species to varying metal concentrations markedly affects the critical toxicity concentration [21,22]. Similarly, inhibition of respiration by metal salts was compared among five soils and the inhibition by Zn salts was least pronounced in the most acid soil (pH 6.2), whereas the respiration in the soil with highest [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background Zinc Concentrations in Soil Affect the Zinc Sensitivity of Soil Microbial Processes—a Rationale for a Metalloregion Approach to Risk Assessments

McLaughlin¹,

Smolders²

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Soil microbial processes are particularly sensitive to Zn, but great difficulty exists in deriving soil standards based on laboratory toxicity tests. Zinc toxicity data for soil microbial processes were collated from the literature, and their variability with soil properties was assessed. Data were screened for quality and reliability, and analysis was based on the highest metal dose at which no adverse effect was found (HNOAED). The HNOAED values were expressed on a pore-water basis and were found to be positively related to background concentrations of Zn in soil, also expressed on a pore-water basis. This suggests that soil microorganisms acclimate to indigenous concentrations of Zn in soil pore water, and this acclimation affects the subsequent response to Zn added as a pollutant. Thus, regions having low background Zn concentrations in soil pore water will be much more sensitive to Zn pollution than others having high background concentrations. A method to account for effects of background Zn on assessments of Zn toxicity is suggested where metalloregions are defined having common sets of abiotic and biotic factors that affect the toxicity of Zn. This approach could markedly improve regional or continental risk assessments for metals in the environment.

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“…Symbols shows average and error bars show ranges across replicates inducing acclimation responses. Stubblefield et al (1999) found that a threshold for pre-exposures of around 0.2× of the Cd or Zn 96-h LC50 concentration appears to be necessary to appreciably increase the resistance of juvenile rainbow trout to Cd or Zn (estimated from their time course to mortality plots; 96-h LC50s were not reported). Pre-exposures to very low Zn concentrations of about 0.05× the LC50 actually sensitized the fish to subsequent Zn exposures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubating Rainbow Trout in Soft Water Increased Their Later Sensitivity to Cadmium and Zinc

Mebane

Hennessy²,

Dillon

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Water hardness is well known to affect the toxicity of some metals; however, reports on the influence of hardness during incubation or acclimation on later toxicity to metals have been conflicting. We incubated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) near the confluence of two streams, one with soft water and one with very-soft water (average incubation hardnesses of about 21 and 11 mg/L as CaCO 3 , respectively). After developing to the swim-up stage, the fish were exposed for 96-h to a mixture of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in water with a hardness of 27 mg/L as CaCO 3 . The fish incubated in the higher hardness water were about two times more resistant than the fish incubated in the extremely soft water. This difference was similar or greater than the difference that would have been predicted by criteria hardness equations had the fish been tested in the different acclimation waters. We think it is plausible that the energy demands for fish to maintain homeostasis in the lower hardness water make the fish more sensitive to metals that inhibit ionoregulation such as Cd and Zn. We suggest that if important decisions were to be based upon test results, assumptions of adequate hardness acclimation should be carefully considered and short acclimation periods avoided. If practical, incubating rainbow trout in the control waters to be tested may reduce uncertainties in the possible influences of differing rearing water hardness on the test results.

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Acclimation-Induced Changes in the Toxicity of Zinc and Cadmium to Rainbow Trout

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of multigeneration acclimation to copper on tolerance, energy reserves, and homeostasis of Daphnia magna Straus

Influence of multigeneration acclimation to copper on tolerance, energy reserves, and homeostasis of Daphnia magna Straus

Background Zinc Concentrations in Soil Affect the Zinc Sensitivity of Soil Microbial Processes—a Rationale for a Metalloregion Approach to Risk Assessments

Incubating Rainbow Trout in Soft Water Increased Their Later Sensitivity to Cadmium and Zinc

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