“…Such issues have rarely been directly tackled in an historical context; though there has been some research on the health and (by implication) environmental justice implications of factors such as urban air quality and road traffic accidents. For instance, in a US context the dominant role of the automobile in American culture and urban structure has received extensive attention (Frost, 2001;Schrag, 2004;Blanke, 2007;Ladd, 2009), and in the UK Luckin has provided a detailed examination of a range of accidents and other problems within an urban context, including the impact of road traffic accidents in the interwar years and the response of urban authorities (Luckin, 1993;Cooter and Luckin, 1997;Luckin and Sheen, 2009). The role of sound in the urban environment, including problems of noise pollution, has also received limited attention (Garroch, 2003;Payer, 2007), while Ishaque and Noland (2005) review the historical development of pedestrian facilities in Britain, emphasising their marginalisation within urban road space.…”