Accidental submeningeal injection of propofol in gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>)

Quesada, Rolando J.; Aitken‐Palmer, Copper; Conley, Kenneth J.; Heard, Darryl J.

doi:10.1136/vr.c4746

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Propofol administered via the intra-lymphatic route in red-eared sliders resulted in an unpredictable, delayed, or light plane of anesthesia [30]. When propofol was accidentally administered into the meningeal space of a gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), severe bradycardia and a deep, long-duration anesthesia occurred [31]. In the current study, there were no side effects noted in the turtle given alfaxalone into the subcarapacial sinus, and this turtle was not the outlier regarding the IV induction time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Anesthetic and Physiologic Effects of Intramuscular and Intravenous Alfaxalone in Eastern Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum)

Zec,

Mitchell,

Rockwell

et al. 2024

Animals

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Current sedation protocols for chelonians can pose a challenge to clinicians because of prolonged induction and recovery times, difficulties in gaining venous access, and natural species variation. This study evaluated the sedative and physiologic effects of intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) alfaxalone in six wild-caught adult eastern mud turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum). The turtles received alfaxalone 10 mg/kg IM and IV in a randomized cross-over design. A 10-day washout period occurred between trials. Baseline parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and reflexes) were assessed prior to injection and every 5 min post-injection until recovery. Three venous blood gas samples were also collected and analyzed over the course of each trial (baseline, induction, and recovery). Intravenous alfaxalone resulted in a significantly faster induction (p = 0.016; median: 1.5 min, 25–75%: 1–7.5, minimum–maximum: 1–21) and a shorter total sedation time (p = 0.041; median: 52 min, 25–75%: 34.5–62.5, minimum–maximum: 33–87) when compared with IM alfaxalone (induction, median: 20 min, 25–75%: 15–22.5, minimum–maximum: 15–25; total, median: 70 min, 25–75%: 65–82.5, minimum–maximum: 65–90). Blood gas and physiologic parameters were not significantly different between groups; however, the pH (p = 0.009) and glucose (p = 0.0001) significantly increased, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p = 0.024) significantly decreased over time. This study demonstrated that alfaxalone 10 mg/kg IV or IM can be used to provide safe and effective sedation in eastern mud turtles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Anesthetic and Physiologic Effects of Intramuscular and Intravenous Alfaxalone in Eastern Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum)

Zec,

Mitchell,

Rockwell

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The choice of the subcarapaceal sinus as a site for substance administration is mostly related to its ease of access in unsedated animals, with minimal manipulation [34], but is not recommended in clinical practice due to reports of accidental submeningeal injection and clinical abnormalities [35,36]. Kristensen et al [14] reported in a study the use of atropine and propofol at 15 mg/kg, administered in the subcarpaceal sinus, as described by Ziolo and Bertelsen in 2009 [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Intravenous Propofol Doses after Jugular Administration for Short Non-Surgical Procedures in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Bel,

Selleri,

Turcu

et al. 2024

Animals

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This study compares the effects of two different doses of propofol administered intravenously (IV), in the jugular vein, to red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). In this crossover study, 5 or 10 mg/kg propofol was administered to six Trachemys scripta elegans after cannulation of the jugular vein. Each turtle received each dose, G1 (5 mg/kg IV) and G2 (10 mg/kg IV), after a 7-day washout period. The parameters evaluated were heart rate, palpebral reflex, cloacal reflex, muscle relaxation, ease of handling, sensitivity to anterior and posterior pinch stimuli, and possibility of intubation. Additionally, respiratory rate was measured when possible, and the times from propofol administration to full recovery and from intubation to extubation were recorded. None of the turtles in G1 could be intubated, and this dose provided little relaxation and ease of handling, with a duration of effect until full recovery of 12.16 ± 8.32 (SD) min for this group. In G2, five out of the six turtles could be intubated, and the duration of effect was 32.33 ± 5.85 (SD) min. Heart rates were influenced by manipulation for catheter placement. There were statistically significant differences (p value ≤ 0.05) between the two groups in muscle relaxation degree, handling, cloacal reflex, and possibility of intubation. The 5 mg/kg propofol dose was not sufficient to induce anesthesia, even when administered in the jugular vein, in red-eared sliders. A dose of 10 mg/kg IV or higher should be used.

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“…The subcarapacial sinus runs close to the submeningeal space where the cervical vertebra join the carapace. Deaths in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) have been associated with the inadvertent injection of propofol into this space while attempting subcarapacial injection (Quesada et al 2010).…”

Section: Anesthetic Induction and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Chelonia (Tortoises, Turtles, and Terrapins)

Vigani¹

2014

Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia

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Accidental submeningeal injection of propofol in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluating the Anesthetic and Physiologic Effects of Intramuscular and Intravenous Alfaxalone in Eastern Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum)

Evaluating the Anesthetic and Physiologic Effects of Intramuscular and Intravenous Alfaxalone in Eastern Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum)

Comparison of Two Intravenous Propofol Doses after Jugular Administration for Short Non-Surgical Procedures in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Chelonia (Tortoises, Turtles, and Terrapins)

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