Accidental exposure to sarin: vision effects

Rengstorff, Roy H.

doi:10.1007/bf00333427

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[84][85][86] ). Median lethal concentration and time (LCt 50 ) in rats for sarin is 150 mg/m 3 for ten minutes lasting inhalation 87 . The toxicity of nerve agents is much more apparent than standard pesticides: e.g.…”

Section: Fig 2 Inhibition Of Ache By Nerve Agent Sarin (Reaction 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterases, a Target of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Pohanka¹

2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

320

219

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Background. Cholinesterases are a group of serine hydrolases that split the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and terminate its action. Of the two types, butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), AChE plays the key role in ending cholinergic neurotransmission. Cholinesterase inhibitors are substances, either natural or man-made that interfere with the break-down of ACh and prolong its action. Hence their relevance to toxicology and pharmacology.Methods and Results. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the cholinesterases and their inhibition. Particular attention is paid to the toxicology and pharmacology of cholinesterase-related inhibitors such as nerve agents (e.g. sarin, soman, tabun, VX), pesticides (e.g. paraoxon, parathion, malathion, malaoxon, carbofuran), selected plants and fungal secondary metabolites (e.g. aflatoxins), drugs for Alzheimer's disease (e.g. huperzine, metrifonate, tacrine, donepezil) and Myasthenia gravis (e.g. pyridostigmine) treatment and other compounds (propidium, ethidium, decamethonium).Conclusions. The crucial role of the cholinesterases in neural transmission makes them a primary target of a large number of cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs and toxins. In pharmacology, this has relevance to the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

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Section: Fig 2 Inhibition Of Ache By Nerve Agent Sarin (Reaction 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterases, a Target of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Pohanka¹

2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

320

219

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“…5,500 passengers, subway workers, rescue staff and police officers were exposed and 12 died 3) . In addition to research on the mechanisms of acute sarin poisoning [4][5][6][7][8] , various studies have elucidated the chronic effects of sarin poisoning [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . For example, chronic effects on memory function have been suggested by previous studies which have demonstrated disorders in the central nervous system o f s u b j e c t s e x p o s e d t o s a r i n b y a b n o r m a l electroencephalograms 9,10) or abnormal evoked potentials 11) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sarin on the Nervous System of Subway Workers Seven Years after the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack

Miyaki

Nishiwaki

Maekawa

et al. 2005

Journal of Occupational Health

132

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Effects of Sarin on the Nervous System of Subway Workers Seven Years after the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack: Koichi MIYAKI, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and PublicHealth, School of Medicine, Keio University-This study was designed to assess the after effects of sarin exposure on the nervous system in victims of the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack, which occurred on 20 March, 1995. We performed a similar study 3 yr after the disaster. This time, we newly enrolled 36 staff of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (Tokyo Eidan subway) to assess the 7 yr after effects on the nervous system, and merged previous data including unpublished data to enhance statistical power. New subjects consisted of 23 male exposed subjects and 13 referent subjects matched for age and working types. Neurobehavioral tests for psychomotor function and memory, stabilometry, and Benton visual retention test were performed. As reported previously, the exposed group performed significantly less well in the psychomotor function test (tapping) than the referent group (117.8 ± 1.2 vs. 105.6 ± 1.2 msec). Using merged data, this phenomenon was also observed in a dose-dependent manner and the exposed group performed significantly less well in the backward digit span test (4.47 ± 1.17 vs. 5.11 ± 1.65 digits). These results indicate that chronic decline of psychomotor function and memory function still exist 7 yr after the sarin exposure. (J Occup Health 2005; 47: 299-304)

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“…The consequences of respiratory failure is systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, polycythaemia, tachycardia and cerebral dysfunction ranging from confusion and coma [12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audiological Assessment in Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning

Murthy¹,

Reddy

2012

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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The aim of this prospective study design is to understand the audiological parameters in central and peripheral auditory pathway in organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning, within the setting of Tertiary care/ Medical College Hospital we studied Distortion Product Oto Acoustic Emission (DPOAE) and brain evoked response audiometry (BERA) in 25 patients with OPC poisoning with respiratory failure and 75 patients without respiratory failure. The results showed that DPOAE was absent in 17 patients with respiratory failure and 51 patients without respiratory failure. BERA showed significant prolongation in wave I, wave III and wave V latencies in both the groups.In conclusion, the current study has demonstrated significant changes in the auditory pathway both in peripheral and central with OPC exposure. The damage induced by these agents has been suggested as a combination of oto-and neurotoxicity with or without respiratory failure. Otolaryngologist should be alert to the toxic properties of OPC and conduct a comprehensive audiological assessment even in the conditions of deliberate poisoning.

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Accidental exposure to sarin: vision effects

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Cholinesterases, a Target of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Cholinesterases, a Target of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Effects of Sarin on the Nervous System of Subway Workers Seven Years after the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack

Audiological Assessment in Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning

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