Accessory Growth Factor Requirements of the Members of the Genus Pasteurella

Berkman, Sam

doi:10.1093/infdis/71.3.201

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such effects have not been established previously with bacteria in spite of active investigation, especially by workers with thermophilic organisms (Gaughran, 1947 ;Cleverdon, Pelczar & Doetsch, 1949). Our results a t 36" agree with those of other workers a t 37" (Berkman, 1942;Herbert, 1949) in so far as we get satisfactory growth with 20 amino-acids as source of nitrogen. We find, however, that with such a medium growth does not occur when the temperature rises to 37.5'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Temperature on the Nutritional Requirements of Pasteurella pestis

1952

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY:The nutrition of three virulent and three avirulent strains of Pasteurella pestis has been studied at temperatures between 23 and 37" on a basal medium containing glucose, ammonium and other inorganic salts. The organism has considerable synthetic powers and the distinction between essential nutrients and non-specific stimulants of growth is not always definite. At 32" and below, the optimal medium contained phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, cysteine, methionine and haemin. Five out of the six strains utilized leucine in place of valine, but the maximum count was then delayed. At 36" the optimal medium contained in addition, alanine, leucine, serine, threonine, biotin and pantothenate. Omission of alanine or leucine delayed growth without reducing the maximum population. When biotin and pantothenate were omitted the organism required a mixture of twenty amino-acids.The nutrition of Pasteurella pestis has been studied with conflicting results by Rao (1939, 1940b), Berkman (1942), Doudoroff (1943) and Herbert (1949). Rao (1939), using large washed inocula (c. 107 cells/ml.) at 2 7 ' , claimed that the only amino-acids for which there was a specific requirement were phenylalanine, proline and cystine, but that glycine was stimulatory and a t least two of the four comprising alanine, leucine, lysine and arginine were also required. Metabolic experiments (Rao, 1940 a) showed that arginine and lysine were not appreciably oxidized and these were then omitted from media used for investigating the stimulatory effects of some of the then-known growth factors (Rao, 1940b), but other amino-acids oxidizable by the organism were also added, viz. valine, isoleucine, methionine, serine, tyrosine and glutamate. Doudoroff (1943), working a t 29", claimed that only cystine and phenylalanine were essential on first transfer from blood agar, although proline stimulated two pathogenic strains. A non-pathogenic strain was able to utilize thiosulphate, sulphite, thiolacetic acid or homocystine, but not methionine, in place of cystine. Large inocula were necessary, however. Berkman (1942), using an inoculum of 1-2 x 104 cells/ml. and a temperature of 37", found that four out of five strains grew in 1-2 days on a mixture of 18 a-amino-acids or a gelatin hydrolysate medium, but the fifth strain failed to grow under these conditions. Using a similar medium containing 20 a-aminoacids, Herbert (1949), also working a t 37O, found growth to be irregular even with as large an inoculum as lo6 organisms/ml., but the addition of haemin led to consistent growth from as few as 10 cells/ml.Rao (1939) and Doudoroff (1943), working below 30" in the neighbourhood of the recognized optimum temperature, agree in claiming simpler nutritional requirements than those observed at 37' by Berkman (1942) and Herbert (1949). The observations of the two former authors are of little value, however, owing to the use of large inocula. It was considered desirable therefore to

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Temperature on the Nutritional Requirements of Pasteurella pestis

1952

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other examples of V factor-independent bacteria of the family Pasteurellaceae that require NAm for growth are Pasteurella multocida (12), Pasteurella haemohtica (19,20), and Pasteurella ureae (21,22). P. multocida has also been shown to exhibit V factor-dependent growth (2). These data illustrate that, within the family Pasteurellaceae, the requirement for exogenous pyridine nucleotides or precursors is not confined to the genus Haemophilus but, rather, may be characteristic of the family as a whole (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Characteristics of V Factor-Independent Transformants of Haemophilus influenzae

Windsor

Gromkova

Koornhof

1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Haemophdus influenme is a V factor-dependent species. A plasmid conferring V factor independence in Haemophilus parainfluenme and Haemophilus ducreyi was transferred to plasmid-free H. influenzae Rd by DNA transformation. The growth characteristics of the transformants in a complex and a chemically defined medium were compared, and the ability of several exogenous pyridine nucleotides and precursors to support growth w a s examined. Although the transformants appeared to be V factor independent in a complex medium, in a chemically defined medium they exhibited both V factor-dependent and nicotinamide-dependent growth. Because of the inability of the plasmid-free H. influenzae Rd to utilize nicotinamide for growth, it was concluded that the genes conferring this function were plasmid linked. Our results indicate that the V factor requirement, as it is presently defined, is not suitable to serve as a definitive taxonomic criterion for species determination in the family Pasteurekeae.Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and several other members of the genus Haemophilus require V factor (P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide "AD]) for growth (11, 13). Unlike most bacteria, these species are not able to synthesize NAD de novo from low-molecularweight compounds but use a limited number of exogenous pyridine nucleotides or precursors as a source of NAD. Previous studies have shown that in addition to NAD, nicotinamide riboside (NR), P-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and NADP can serve as a V factor, while nicotinamide (NAm), nicotinic acid (NA), and quinolinic acid (QA) cannot (3, 4). The V factor requirement and the requirement for X factor have been used for many years as a basis for the classification and the laboratory identification of species from the genus Haemophilus.Four unusual naturally occurring V factor-independent H. parainfluenzae isolates were identified in our laboratory a few years ago (5, 6). The genes coding for V factor independence were located on a small 5.25-kb plasmid (24). Plasmids of a similar size conferring the ability to grow in the absence of V factor were recovered recently from Haemophilus ducreyi (25). This species is presently classified as a V factor-independent Haemophilus species, but DNA homology studies and physiological differences between H. ducreyi and other Haemophilus species have recently been used to question its inclusion as a Haemophilus species.In this report we present data on the growth characteristics of H. influenzae Rd transformants in the presence of a plasmid conferring V factor independence. Attempts were made to determine whether the plasmid confers the ability to utilize an exogenous pyridine nucleotide precursor (such as NAm) for growth. It is known that NAm can be used as a source of NAD by other V factor-independent members of the genus Haemophilus (10). Because of the extrachromosoma1 location of the genes coding for V factor independence, we conclude that this characteristic is not suitable to serve as a major species-determining taxonomi...

show abstract

“…Unlike previous investigators who have examined the nutrition of pasteurellas (Rao, 1939(Rao, ,1940 Berkman, 1942; Doudoroff, 1943; Herbert, 1949 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Nutritional Requirements of some Pasteurella Species

Burrows

Gillett

1966

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe nutritional requirements for growth on agar media a t 28" and a t 37" were investigated for strains representative of Pmteurella pseudotuberculosis, P . pestis and Pasteurella strain ' X ' ( Yersinia enterocolitica). At 28", strains of P. pseudotuberculosis either required no growth factors or were dependent on thiamine or pantothenate. Most strains of P. pestis required cystine, methionine and phenylalanine but some strains could dispense with methionine or phenylalanine while others required additional factors.Strains of Pasteurella ' X ' either were thiamine-dependent or required no factors. At 37" all strains showed additional requirements. Most strains of P. pseudotuberculosis could then grow with any 3 of the 4 factors glutamic acid, thiamine, cystine and pantothenate ; other strains specifically required all 4 factors and nicotinamide. Strains of P. pestis grew reliably on media supplemented with cystine, methionine, phenylalanine, glycine, valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid and thiamine when incubated in C0,-enriched air, All strains of Pasteurella 'X' required thiamine and either cystine or methionine ; some substrains showed additional requirements. Virulent and avirulent representative strains of P. pestis had similar calcium requirements for growth on defined media.

show abstract

Accessory Growth Factor Requirements of the Members of the Genus Pasteurella

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Temperature on the Nutritional Requirements of Pasteurella pestis

The Effect of Temperature on the Nutritional Requirements of Pasteurella pestis

Growth Characteristics of V Factor-Independent Transformants of Haemophilus influenzae

The Nutritional Requirements of some Pasteurella Species

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About