Accessing individual 75-micron diameter nozzles of a desktop inkjet printer to dispense picoliter droplets on demand

Waasdorp, Rick; Heuvel, Oscar van den; Versluis, Floyd; Hajee, Bram; Ghatkesar, Murali Krishna

doi:10.1039/c8ra00756j

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The printed disks resulted very uniform in shape, as indicated by the reference dashed line, with a diameter of ≈38 µm and some striations around the edge (indicated by the arrowhead). This size matches the smallest droplet size previously obtained with normal ink on a hydrophobic glass surface, using the same printer . A radial contrast gradient can also be seen, where rings of lower and higher contrast alternate toward the edge.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Printer Setup : The printing technique used in the present study was based on the work carried out earlier in our department, where a commercial desktop printer, Epson Stylus SX235W, was hacked in order to gain access to the individual nozzles (⌀75 µm) and single droplet dispensing. In the present work, droplets were printed with two different settings: droplet size small and medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we demonstrate the direct fabrication of NCD micro‐disk resonator structures onto a Si substrate, through the selective/local printing of water‐based nanodiamond ink using a modified off‐the‐shelf desktop inkjet printer (see Scheme below). With control of each individual nozzle of the printer head, we were able to increase the resolution and reproducibility of the printed structures and fabricate an array of NCD micro‐disk resonators with dimensions down to ⌀50–60 µm without photolithography or lift‐off steps, and across an area of the order of cm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inkjet‐Printed High‐Q Nanocrystalline Diamond Resonators

Sartori

Belardinelli

Dolleman

et al. 2018

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switches for wireless communication systems, as it promises high operating frequency in the GHz range, as well as narrow bandwidth (high Q-factor) and low phase noise. [1][2][3] This is thanks to diamond's excellent material properties, such as high Young's modulus (up to ≈10 6 N mm −2 ), high acoustic velocity (≈1.8 × 10 4 m s −1 ), [3] low thermoelastic damping, high thermal conductivity (>2000 W m −1 K −1 ), and low thermal expansion coefficient (≈10 −6 K −1 at 300 K). [4] The feasibility of using NCD for high-performance MEMS resonators has already been demonstrated in a range of devices, including cantilever beams, [5,6] tuning forks, [7] rings, [8] disks, [9][10][11] and spheres. [12] In particular, NCD MEMS structures that resonate with whispering gallery modes (WGM), such as disks and spheres, have shown much lower anchor losses and higher (f 0 × Q) figure of merit. [3,11] However, despite the recent progress, adding diamond structures into integrated circuits for a complete functional device remains a challenge. The current limitations relate to the difficulty in combining NCD with other microfabricated structures, mostly due to nanodiamond seeding requirements, but also due to the harsh environment during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of the NCD film, as well as mechanical issues caused by intrinsic stress in the film. [13] Nanodiamond seeding in particular suffers from the process not being selective, i.e., instead of diamond being deposited and grown only where it is required on the device, most established methods consist of dispersing nanodiamond over a large substrate by, e.g., dip-coating, dropcasting, or spin-seeding, prior to film growth by CVD. [14] The grown NCD film needs then to be patterned by traditional photo-/e-beam lithography and lift-off techniques, which add substantial complexity and cost of fabrication. As a solution to circumvent low seeding density and plasma uniformity issues during growth of the NCD layer, Lebedev et al. proposed waferto-wafer bonding of pregrown NCD films onto another wafer to fabricate NCD disk resonators with high Q-factors (i.e., Q > 10 3 ). [9] This technique however did not remove the need to pattern the diamond after it was bonded onto the wafer. Possas et al. demonstrated the fabrication of NCD cantilever beams by patterning the nanodiamond seeding layer by means of sacrificial metal layer and etching, [15] but still top-down patterning by lithography was required. Akgul et al. reported Q-factors of the order of 7 × 10 4 for on-chip NCD disk resonators which required up to five masking/etching steps. [11] Yang et al., on the Diamond is a highly desirable material for state-of-the-art micro-electromechanical (MEMS) devices, radio-frequency filters and mass sensors, due to its extreme properties and robustness. However, the fabrication/integra tion of diamond structures into Si-based components remain costly and complex. In this work, a lithography-free, low-cost method is introduced to fabricate diamond-based micro-resonators: a modified home/office d...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inkjet‐Printed High‐Q Nanocrystalline Diamond Resonators

Sartori

Belardinelli

Dolleman

et al. 2018

Small

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“…Furthermore, pre-stretching would greatly benefit from a flatbed printer. Research has also shown that using software it is possible to control each nozzle independently [57], which adds versatility to the quantity and order of inks. The main limitation of the current work is the inability to print on top of PVP: the solvent of the silver ink (DGME) attacks PVP, while PEDOT:PSS presents wettability issues.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Inkjet Circuits

Khan

Roo

Kraus

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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“…40 Higher surface tensions hinder the drop formation process and lower surface tensions would lead to air ingestion and dripping of droplets towards the substrate. 53 Although surface tension and viscosity are the main physical properties that determine the drop formation and size, the jetting capability of the formulated ink also depends on the nozzle size and the printing conditions. These parametric quantities are merged into the Reynolds number and the Weber number, representing the ink fluidic properties: 54,55 Re ¼ ρνd η ;…”

Section: Ink Properties and Printing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%