Accessing collision welding process window for titanium/copper welds with vaporizing foil actuators and grooved targets

Vivek, Anupam; Liu, Bert; Hansen, S.; Daehn, Glenn S.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.03.007

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…They stated that plastic deformation increased in the weld interface with the increase of explosive energy, leading to the increase of wave length and amplitude. Similar results were also reported by Vivek et al [9]. Besides, the increase of deformation in the interface may also result in increased hardness near the weld interface of the spot welded Ti/Cu joints [6].…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 88%

“…It was found that welding did not happen when the collision angle was in the range of 0-6°, however, welding with wave weld interface was obtained when the collision angle was in the range of 6°-20°. Vivek et al [9] welded Ti sheets to grooved Cu targets by VFAW and found that welding with wave morphology occurred when the collision angle was in the range of 8°-20° with appropriate impact speed. The wave weld interface also indicates that the parameters selected in this study is reasonable based on the above analysis.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, fusion welding and brazing welding are not suitable for joining Ti to Cu because brittle Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are easily formed [3][4][5], which can seriously cause the mechanical properties of the Ti/Cu joint to deteriorate. Therefore, several kinds of welding techniques, such as explosive welding [6], friction welding [7], diffusion welding [8], and vaporizing foil actuator welding [9] were presented as methods for joining Ti to Cu plates. In recent years, with the rapid development of microelectronics and medical industries, joining of thin Ti foil to Cu foil may have a wide application prospect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on a Novel Laser Impact Spot Welding

Liu

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:In this paper a novel laser impact spot welding (LISW) method is described, in which a hump was formed on the flyer plate on the intended welding spot location by local pre-forming. When the flyer and base plates were placed together to perform welding, the two plates kept in contact over their entire surfaces except at the hump, where a local air gap was enough to guarantee the impact velocity and collision angle to achieve spot welding using laser pulse energy. The presented approach was implemented to join thin titanium foils to copper foils under low laser energy system. Joints with regular shapes were obtained. The microstructure in the weld interface was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the jetting occurred at the central region of the weld spots due to oblique impact. Wave features were observed in the weld interfaces. The impact energy was found to have significant influence on the wave's characteristics. Moreover, SEM images and EDS analysis did not show apparent element diffusion across the weld interface. Besides, the lap shearing test was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the spot welded joints.

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Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on a Novel Laser Impact Spot Welding

Liu

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…The poor observability of the welding process caused by high velocities is described in [8]. Some attempts have been reported using gas gun [9] or rotating rig [10,11] for acceleration of small test samples and a Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) was used for collision ve-locity determination in magnetic pulse welding [12,13] enabling studies of the welding mechanism. The above mentioned poor observability of the welding process results in a large number of reports being based on empirical knowledge from the metallographic analysis of the bond after the welding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Determination of Acceleration of Explosively Driven Metal by Photonic Doppler Velocimetry in the Process of Explosive Welding

Kučera

Anastacio

Nesvadba

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Two important parameters reflect in the quality of the interface of two explosively welded metal plates – impact velocity and collision angle. Both parameters can be determined from the knowledge of velocity history of the accelerated surface. A suitable measurement methodology that would allow in‐situ determination of the course of acceleration at a technological scale experiments is however not yet available. One of the emerging options enabling such measurements is Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). This paper focuses on the issues observed during measurement of metal plate acceleration in explosive welding using this technique. A well‐known combination in which copper plate is accelerated by detonation and welded to a steel baseplate was chosen for small scale experiments. The methodology was further employed at a large scale technological tests were two different steel plates were joined by detonation. The PDV proved to be successful in determination of the entire velocity history and provides unprecedented insight into the welding process. The knowledge of the velocity time history enables optimization of the impact velocity and collision angle without having to modify the explosive composition. A methodology of velocity measurement of the entire velocity profile of accelerated plate and its collision velocity during metal welding was developed. In addition, we are proposing a new way of optimizing welding parameters based on the exact velocity and thus a collision angle calculation.

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“…Further increase in strain rate is experienced by materials under high speed manufacturing processes such as electromagnetic pulse forming [2][3][4] and electromagnetic pulse welding [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], vaporising foil actuator welding [15][16][17], friction stir processing [18][19][20], explosive welding [21], and other high speed impact conditions like explosion or cold spray processing [22,23]. Material characterisation at high strain rate also requires precise measurement techniques to capture the behaviour within the short duration of a mechanical test [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of the electromagnetic ring expansion test to characterize materials under high strain rate deformation

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Characterisation of materials under high strain rate is always challenging, and requires sophisticated apparatus. Magnetic pulse forming techniques can involve high strain rate deformation and the electromagnetic ring expansion test (ERET) is considered here to determine its suitability to characterise materials at high strain rate. The multi-physics and high speed nature of the process requires advanced numerical modelling techniques to gain insight and understanding of stress development when used as a material characterisation technique. In order to evaluate the suitability of the ERET to fully characterise the material behaviour at high strain rate, stress states were investigated using 3D coupled mechanical-electromagnetic simulations on a validated numerical model. The numerical simulations were performed in LS-Dyna ® with a modified Johnson-Cook (MJC) material model in this study. Albeit the preliminary results show the development of biaxial stress during the test, a shielding mechanism is proposed to eliminate the axial component of the stress on the rings. This study indicates that the ERET has a potential to be used for characterisation of the material parameters under the influence of high strain rate.

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Accessing collision welding process window for titanium/copper welds with vaporizing foil actuators and grooved targets

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

Investigation on a Novel Laser Impact Spot Welding

Investigation on a Novel Laser Impact Spot Welding

Experimental Determination of Acceleration of Explosively Driven Metal by Photonic Doppler Velocimetry in the Process of Explosive Welding

Suitability of the electromagnetic ring expansion test to characterize materials under high strain rate deformation

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