Access to Services in Rural Areas from the Point of View of Older Population—A Case Study in Finland

Verma, Ira; Taegen, Jonna-Sarianne

doi:10.3390/ijerph16234854

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The low density and scattered housing fabric of small towns and villages, typical of these territories, make it difficult to operate traditional public transport services, which can hardly be efficient with such a low and dispersed demand [9][10][11]39,40]. Therefore, these territories are highly car-dependent, and the groups of users that are most affected by the lack of accessibility are those who, due to age, economic, or cultural barriers, do not have access to cars [7,8,12,13]. The population groups that are already vulnerable in themselves are therefore those most affected by the lack of accessibility, and this applies both within rural areas and in the connection with the nearest urban centers where basic services are located [41][42][43].…”

Section: Accessibility Challenges In Rural Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those marginalization processes are at the same time the causes and consequences of scarce accessibility, which in rural territories is particularly challenging [6] and undermines the livability of rural communities. Moreover, due to their spatial and socio-economic conditions, rural territories are highly car-dependent [7,8]; traditional public transport services can hardly be efficient under such conditions, and those who are most affected are people who have limited access to car use [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, providing and supporting alternative forms of transport in rural areas is primarily aimed at counteracting transport exclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Rural Accessibility: A Multilayer Approach

Brovarone

Cotella

2020

Sustainability

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Rural territories are worse equipped than urban ones in terms of accessibility to services and opportunities, due to their scattered development and peripheral character. Increasing cuts to loss-making services in traditional public transport contributed to increased social inequality and marginality, in so doing undermining the livability of rural communities. In this light, improving accessibility is an essential prerequisite for the sustainable development of rural areas. Whereas demand responsive transport solutions are often seen as a panacea in circumstances where traditional services are not viable, their implementation is more challenging than it may seem, due to the potential barriers intrinsically related to the differential socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional features of places. Furthermore, enhancing transport offer is only one side of the multifaceted prism of rural accessibility, and the institution of effective multi-level and multi-sector governance mechanisms is a precondition to approach the mentioned challenges under a more comprehensive perspective. Drawing on the results of the European Territorial Observatory Network (ESPON) Urban-Rural Connectivity in Non-Metropolitan Areas (URRUC) project, the paper sheds light on this issue, exploring the accessibility challenges of rural areas and proposing a multilayer policy approach aimed at supporting decision-makers in improving rural accessibility across Europe.

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Section: Accessibility Challenges In Rural Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Rural Accessibility: A Multilayer Approach

Brovarone

Cotella

2020

Sustainability

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“…In Pertunmaa, residents used local services in the commercial center 10 km from the municipal center and in several smaller towns within 60 km. Only a few persons reported using only services in their municipal centre [16]. The results of the survey in Keuruu showed that the amount of online shopping was also significant (Figure 4).…”

Section: Access To Servicesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ageing and Inclusion in Rural Areas

Verma

Taegen

2021

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

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This paper is presenting a research and development project related to areas with decreasing and ageing population. The focus of the study is on housing and the inclusion of older people in rural communities. The case study method was implemented in three shrinking municipalities in remote areas. The population loss in small ageing municipalities is affecting the number of local services as well as access to public transport. Most people 75 years old and older live in owner occupied single-family houses. The accessibility renovations of these houses for low-income older residents are challenging. Strategic long-term concepts are needed to improve the housing for older people and the urban quality of small municipal centers. Initiatives focusing on wellbeing and social cohesion are needed to enable people to remain living in rural areas in the future. Actions related to planning and services for the older population should contribute to social cohesion within the community. A dense and walkable municipal center with accessible apartments may help municipalities provide for their older populations. Future developments need to be based on resource efficiency and an intergenerational approach to keep these municipalities good places to live.

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“…The more aggravated these inconveniences become in using public transportation, the more Sustainability 2021, 13, 5574 2 of 19 personal vehicles are being used. In this regard, research related to automobile dependence on the outskirts [4][5][6] and sustainable rural access [7][8][9][10] was recently conducted. This automobile dependence leads to demand that exceeds the limited capacity of roads, causing severe traffic congestions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-Making Process for Demand Response Public Transportation Service Design—A Case Study in Incheon, Korea

Roh

Jeon

2021

Sustainability

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Incheon is a major city comprising the metropolitan area around Seoul. However, it ranks the lowest in terms of road extension scale relative to population and number of vehicles. There is extreme traffic congestion and shortages of parking spaces in downtown Incheon, impacting traffic. Alternative policies of the municipal government to address these issues, including road extension and improving public transportation, have not shown results because of the low satisfaction level of the public transportation service and limited transportation mode transfer owing to travel within the metropolitan area. Therefore, to improve the public transportation service, conducting a comprehensive analysis on the current service and improving its quality were deemed necessary. Additionally, adopting a demand response public transportation service was considered. In conjunction, objective and easy-to-use data should be used, so that if anyone repeats the procedure, the same result should be obtained. For this, we propose the simplest process. Thus, to introduce the service, this study presents a decision-making process by establishing a regional prioritizing methodology based on the transportation environment satisfaction level, average access time to major facilities, public transportation competitiveness, personal vehicle demand, and existing public transit routes. To assess the methodology feasibility and conformity, user satisfaction was analyzed in Jung-gu, Incheon. The analysis showed 91% user satisfaction, verifying that the demand response public transportation service was effectively supplied. This analysis process will be useful when applying and expanding new transportation services.

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Access to Services in Rural Areas from the Point of View of Older Population—A Case Study in Finland

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Improving Rural Accessibility: A Multilayer Approach

Improving Rural Accessibility: A Multilayer Approach

Ageing and Inclusion in Rural Areas

Decision-Making Process for Demand Response Public Transportation Service Design—A Case Study in Incheon, Korea

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