Access to Medicines for Treating People With Cryptococcal Meningitis

Burry, Jessica; Casas, Carmen Pérez; Ford, Nathan

doi:10.1093/cid/ciac689

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…And yet, these few options are even more limited because they are expensive, are toxic, or are associated with both acquired and intrinsic resistance ( 38 ). Furthermore, some of these drugs are unavailable globally, especially in low-resource countries where the burden of fungal infections is the highest ( 39 ). In addition to a lack of antifungals, deficits in standardized guidelines for diagnosis and widespread clinical awareness have contributed to the rise and persistence of fungal infections ( 6 , 40 ).…”

Section: Why Are Fungal Diseases So Challenging To Treat?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced genetic techniques in fungal pathogen research

Ross,

Santiago-Tirado

2024

mSphere

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Although fungi have been important model organisms for solving genetic, molecular, and ecological problems, recently, they are also becoming an important source of infectious disease. Despite their high medical burden, fungal pathogens are understudied, and relative to other pathogenic microbes, less is known about how their gene functions contribute to disease. This is due, in part, to a lack of powerful genetic tools to study these organisms. In turn, this has resulted in inappropriate treatments and diagnostics and poor disease management. There are a variety of reasons genetic studies were challenging in pathogenic fungi, but in recent years, most of them have been overcome or advances have been made to circumvent these barriers. In this minireview, we highlight how recent advances in genetic studies in fungal pathogens have resulted in the discovery of important biology and potential new antifungals and have created the tools to comprehensively study these important pathogens.

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Section: Why Are Fungal Diseases So Challenging To Treat?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced genetic techniques in fungal pathogen research

Ross,

Santiago-Tirado

2024

mSphere

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“…Liposomal amphotericin B is a common first-line drug for managing co-infections in HIV-infected individuals. However, in many low-and middle-income countries with public healthcare systems, the cost of this medication can pose a significant economic burden (23). Therefore, early and prompt diagnosis, proper guidance on medication use, and prevention of disease progression are crucial.…”

Section: Treatment and Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of Cryptococcal Meningitis Presenting with Psychiatric Abnormalities

Wo,

Zhu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Introduction: Cryptococcal infection is a significant pathogen causing meningitis, often manifesting early with psychiatric abnormalities. Due to the lack of other specific symptoms, these behavioral changes are frequently misattributed to other mental disorders or overlooked, leading to delays in diagnosis. This article reports on the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with cryptococcal meningitis and summarizes the abnormal behavior in terms of mental and behavioral aspects of cryptococcal meningitis patients, providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. Case Presentation: We present a case of cryptococcal meningitis where the initial abnormal behaviors were attributed to stress, resulting in a lack of emphasis on cryptococcal treatment and subsequent failure of standard anti-infective therapy. Ultimately, we discovered abnormalities through cerebrospinal fluid examination and conducted targeted tests for Cryptococcus, resulting in a clear diagnosis and timely adoption of appropriate treatment measures. The patient's condition improved, and they were discharged. Conclusions: It is crucial for clinicians to deepen their understanding of cryptococcal meningitis. When encountering patients with unexplained fever accompanied by psychiatric and behavioral changes, a high suspicion for cryptococcal infection should be maintained.

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“…For example, new cryptococcal meningitis treatment guidelines published by the WHO recommend a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B followed by 2 weeks of oral anti-fungal therapy, which can shorten hospital stays and reduce adverse drug effects ( 45 ). Unfortunately, in many LMICs, many public sector health facilities do not have access to the liposomal formulation given its high cost (i.e., $2,500–$4,500 US dollars in some private facilities) ( 46 ). Inadequate access to healthcare services in rural areas of Peru may also be exacerbated by cultural factors among Indigenous communities where many still seek traditional healers as their primary source of healthcare ( 35 ).…”

Section: Peru’s Healthcare System and Health Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of neurological health disparities in Peru

Almubaslat,

Sanchez-Boluarte,

Diaz

2023

Front. Public Health

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Peru is a historically unique and culturally diverse Latin American country. As a low-to-middle-income country (LMIC), Peru faces health implications from the spread of communicable diseases as well as a growing rate of noncommunicable diseases, both of which have been worsened by the recent COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the national health system. Over the past two decades, the country has aimed to improve health access for its population through various efforts described in this review. Despite this, there are notable neurological health disparities that exist today. This narrative review investigates such disparities through the leading neurological contributors to the national burden of disease in the country, including migraine headaches, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia. Public health disparities that contribute to other major neurological diseases in the country, including epilepsy, neurocysticercosis, Chagas disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries are also investigated. We also explore potential solutions for overcoming the various neurological health disparities covered in this review that may be applied through public policies, as well as in similar LMICs in Latin America. By overcoming such disparities, the country may be able to successfully address the major contributors of neurological disease burden and create a healthcare environment that can sustainably and equitably improve health outcomes for Peruvian people.

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Access to Medicines for Treating People With Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Advanced genetic techniques in fungal pathogen research

Advanced genetic techniques in fungal pathogen research

A Case Report of Cryptococcal Meningitis Presenting with Psychiatric Abnormalities

A review of neurological health disparities in Peru

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