Access mapping highlights risks from land reform in upland Myanmar

Kmoch, Laura; Palm, Matilda; Persson, Martin; Jepsen, Martin Rudbeck

doi:10.1080/1747423x.2020.1836053

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Access to dry land and yard use dominates the employment and income structure in Singosari with the characteristics of commercial farmers. However, this is inversely proportional to the study in the highlands of Myanmar, (Kmoch et al, 2021) said access to plants and forests to meet their subsistence needs. This suggests that the relationship between upland communities (farmers) and markets is mediated by topography and ecologies that vary in capital accumulation (income) (Sugden et al, 2018); (Siraw et al, 2020).…”

Section: Population Livelihood Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory socio-economic mapping of singosari village, Talang Padang District, Tanggamus Regency

Ariyanto

2023

Int. J. on Social Sci, Econ and Art

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Mapping socio-economic conditions in rural areas is used to see community needs and potential resources in order to find out which sectors need to be implemented and improved. This study aims to analyze the participatory mapping of socio-economic conditions in the village of Singosari, Tanggamus. This research uses a quantitative-descriptive method with a case study approach supported by qualitative data. The population in this study amounted to 464 heads of households and the sample was 30 households. In this study, the respondents and informants were farmer households and village government officials. Data collection was carried out through primary data through surveys, interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and literature studies on data related to participatory socio-economic mapping in rural areas. Data analysis used the interactive model Miles, Huberman and Saldana, and assisted with Microsoft Excel for processing survey data. The findings in this study are that the Singosari village has a variety of resources, both socio-economic and ecological. Even though the village has limitations in terms of education and health facilities, on the other hand, it has the potential for dryland farming which can be developed and become the focus of agricultural development program interventions. Recommendations/implications for the findings are that the results of the socio-economic mapping contain socio-economic data of villagers so that they can be used as a valid reference for making policies/programs. Socio-economic data is presented according to existing categories, arranged systematically, with explanations of the relationships between these categories, and can be read.

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Section: Population Livelihood Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory socio-economic mapping of singosari village, Talang Padang District, Tanggamus Regency

Ariyanto

2023

Int. J. on Social Sci, Econ and Art

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“…Only one of the study villages belongs to Sagaing Region and is under these authorities' jurisdiction; however, all others belong to Chin State. Upland households mainly grow a variety of subsistence crops in homegardens and on swidden plots (Kmoch et al 2021). Maize, groundnut, various beans and vegetables are typically sown in March and April, and winter crops such as mustards, cabbages, garlic, onion and tomatoes in September and October.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclone Komen’s aftermath: Local knowledge shows how poverty and inequalities fuel climate risk in western Myanmar

Kmoch

Palm²,

Persson

et al. 2021

Reg Environ Change

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Cyclones and other extreme events exert increasing pressure on South-East Asia’s societies and put smallholder farmers at risk. Here, we draw on participatory causal-diagramming workshops, interviews and survey data, to provide contextually grounded knowledge about rural communities’ exposure and vulnerability to climate-related hazards in western Myanmar. By tracing how the 2015 cyclone Komen led to a prolonged humanitarian disaster, we show that climate-related risks in this area arise from the complex interplay of households’ pre-existing vulnerabilities, persistent farming challenges, extensive disasters and cascading effects, which disparately affect lowland and upland communities. The different household strata’s dissimilar vulnerabilities vis-à-vis Komen’s impacts were rooted in the distinct exposure of their production systems to landslides and floods. Pre-existing land-access barriers, land-degradation processes, climatic stressors, agricultural pests and diseases, and chronic lack of assets and food insecurity further mediated households’ vulnerability. Relief interventions did not stop the disaster’s escalation, although this could have been achieved with early technical and material assistance to address the cyclone’s impacts on farmers’ land. Targeted aid for households facing imminent food insecurity or debt crisis could have lessened engagement in precarious coping strategies and distress migration. A diversification of households’ livelihood and land-use practices and increased redundancies of critical assets and infrastructure could help to mitigate future cyclone-triggered disasters. By demonstrating the strengths of local knowledge approaches in untangling the complex interplay of extreme events with households’ everyday vulnerabilities and agricultural land-use practices, we make a case for more contextually grounded disaster risk and climate adaptation research.

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“…However, the impact of contrasting political regimes on people's access to natural resources is highly context-speci c and the speci c link between political governance and ecosystem services remains largely understudied. This is also the case in Myanmar, where particularly remote rural communities continue to rely on surrounding forests and customary land use practices for their livelihood (Kmoch et al, 2021). However, natural resources in the country's contested border areas have historically been used as an instrument of power by various stakeholders including the government, the military and ethnic armed organizations (K. M. Woods, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequitable access to ecosystem services and commercial products is a major risk under certain political regimes in Myanmar

Feurer,

Hunt,

Maung

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The impact of contrasting political regimes on people’s access to natural resources, which is vital for ecosystem service provision, remains largely understudied. While the promotion of equitable natural resources governance was regarded as key for lasting peacebuilding in Myanmar, the country is again facing a major crisis since the 1 February 2021 military coup. With this study we look beyond the current political crisis to investigate three long-term governance regimes (scenarios) and their expected impacts on ecosystem services for local communities: a unitary state with business-driven objectives, a military regime, and a federal democracy with strong community control over resources. We combined an online expert survey for qualitative storylines and subsequent modelling of commercial products, biodiversity, and cultural identity. Our findings show that while the area under agricultural plantations and thus the supply of commercial products is expected to increase under all scenarios, local communities would have limited access and thus few actual benefits under a military regime. A reduction in forest area, as expected under a unitary state and military regime, would entail high biodiversity losses. Biodiversity would in turn remain stable under a decentralized governance system where rural communities support more diverse agricultural and forest landscapes. For cultural identity, we found little change under the scenarios. A federal democracy scenario, which is most likely in the next decade according to experts, could mean a co-creation of landscapes with preferable outcomes for both nature and people compared to previous business-driven and current power-driven political structures.

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Access mapping highlights risks from land reform in upland Myanmar

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Participatory socio-economic mapping of singosari village, Talang Padang District, Tanggamus Regency

Participatory socio-economic mapping of singosari village, Talang Padang District, Tanggamus Regency

Cyclone Komen’s aftermath: Local knowledge shows how poverty and inequalities fuel climate risk in western Myanmar

Inequitable access to ecosystem services and commercial products is a major risk under certain political regimes in Myanmar

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