Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Pakistan among health care workers

Malik, Asmara; Malik, Jahanzeb; Ishaq, Uzma

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257237

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our findings showed that females vaccinated HCWs were significantly associated with a higher risk of symptoms of general health problems, anxiety, and loneliness compared to males. This finding was consistent with previous research, which found that female HCWs were poorer psychological outcomes than males before the vaccination program ( 10 , 48 – 50 ) and that females were more accepting of COVID-19 vaccination than males ( 51 , 52 ). This study revealed that except for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, participants living in urban areas had a significantly lower risk of all psychological symptoms among vaccinated HCWs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors Associated With Psychological Outcomes Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Health Care Workers Against COVID-19 Infection in Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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BackgroundVaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the risk of infection for themselves and their patients, as well as to encourage their patients to get immunized. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological outcomes and associated factors among vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh.MethodsFrom March to August 2021, an online nationwide survey was conducted with a total of 2,038 Bangladeshi HCWs. The frequency of symptoms of general health problems, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, and loneliness was assessed using the Bangla versions of the GHQ-12, PHQ-2, GAD-2, PSS-4, PC-PTSD-5, ISI, and UCLA-LS scales, respectively.ResultsCompared with unvaccinated HCWs (n = 1,058), vaccinated HCWs (n = 980) had a statistically significant lower prevalence of general health problems (16.7 vs. 59.1%), depression (15.6 vs. 31.9%), post-traumatic stress disorder (22.3 vs. 30.8%), insomnia (23.8 vs. 64.9%), and loneliness symptoms (13.9 vs. 21.8%). Among vaccinated HCWs, females were significantly associated with a higher risk of symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.97–7.60), anxiety (AOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.14–4.13), and loneliness (AOR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.11–5.73). Except for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, participants living in urban areas had a significantly lower risk of all psychological outcomes (e.g., depression: AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27–0.67; stress: AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47–0.88). Respondents who were married were significantly less likely to experience symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02–0.39), depression (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.22–0.82), insomnia (AOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20–1.03), and loneliness (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.92). Participants who worked as doctors were significantly less chance of experiencing symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08–0.37), depression (AOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.87), and anxiety (AOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37–0.78). On the other hand, unvaccinated HCWs who were 18–29 years old and had <5 years of work experience were significantly associated with a higher risk of all psychological outcomes except anxiety and insomnia symptoms (e.g., depression among 18–29 years old: AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.27–2.60; stress among those with <5 years of work experience: AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 0.93–6.07). Participants who worked as nurses were significantly more likely to suffer from depression (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.84–2.46), anxiety (AOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.24–1.73), and stress (AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.89) symptoms. Except for anxiety and stress symptoms, respondents who worked as frontline workers and provided direct care to infected patients were the significantly higher chance of experiencing all psychological outcomes (e.g., depression among who worked as frontline workers: AOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 0.23–3.73; insomnia among those who provide direct care to infected patients: AOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 0.34–3.06). Participants who were infected with COVID-19 had a significantly less chance of experiencing symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.65–1.22), depression (AOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48–0.92), and anxiety (AOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46–0.87).ConclusionsTo control the infection and improve psychological outcomes, this study suggests emphasizing the vaccinated to unvaccinated HCWs as soon as possible. They also required special attention, health-related education, and psychological support.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors Associated With Psychological Outcomes Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Health Care Workers Against COVID-19 Infection in Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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“…The majority of the participants identified concern for safety as the highest cognitive reason for hesitating to accept COVID-19 vaccination. This is similar to past results obtained from other countries (Malik et al, 2021;McKee et al, 2018;Ward, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). In this study the biggest concern of the participants was the safety of the vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Precisely, the current study showed that the male gender was more likely to hesitate to be vaccinated and as the age of participants decreases so also the tendency for vaccine hesitancy. Acceptability by age in our study was recorded among the participants between ages 51-60 years, and low education was a positive factor in vaccine hesitancy, which is inconsonant with some other previous studies (Malik et al, 2021;Nolna et al, 2018). On the contrary, it was revealed that marital status and respondents' location were not significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination acceptance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Hesitancy Prevalence and Sociocognitive Barriers to Coronavirus Vaccinations in Nigeria

Oguntayo

Olaseni

Ogundipe

2021

European Review of Applied Sociology

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This study examined the prevalence, socioeconomic and cognitive barriers of coronavirus vaccinations in Nigeria. The study used an ex-post facto design. 526-participants were sampled using snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire pack containing socio-demographics and a 13-item adapted scale of SYKES was used. Findings revealed the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy (61.7%). Adolescents (83.8%) recorded more hesitancy than participants in early-adulthood (62.7%), middle-adulthood (53.1%), and late-adulthood (53%). Males (83.8%) showed hesitancy than the females (33.3%). More so, the primary (62.5%) and secondary school certificate holders (41.4%) scored more on hesitancy than tertiary certificate holders (36.0%). The identified perceived barriers to vaccinations are: safety (91%); government distrust (75.5%) and coerciveness (65.7%), vaccines efficacy (62.5%), complacency (65.7%), and constraints to vaccination center (55.5%). Conclusively, vaccination hesitancy was found more among males and younger respondents. Safety and efficacy of the vaccines, government distrust, coercive approach, and complacency were found as major barriers.

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“…34 The acceptance rate for COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan was also similar among healthcare workers in an online survey with 5237 respondents during December 2020-February 2021, which showed an acceptance rate of 70.2%. 77…”

Section: Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review

Sallam¹,

Alsanafi²,

Sallam³

2022

JMDH

169

151

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The delay or refusal of vaccination, which defines vaccine hesitancy, is a major challenge to successful control of COVID-19 epidemic. The huge number of publications addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy necessitates periodic review to provide a concise summary of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates worldwide. In the current narrative review, data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were retrieved from surveys in 114 countries/ territories. In East and Southern Africa (n = 9), the highest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was reported in Ethiopia (92%), while the lowest rate was reported in Zimbabwe (50%). In West/ Central Africa (n = 13), the highest rate was reported in Niger (93%), while the lowest rate was reported in Cameroon (15%). In Asia and the Pacific (n = 16), the highest rates were reported in Nepal and Vietnam (97%), while the lowest rate was reported in Hong Kong (42%). In Eastern Europe/Central Asia (n = 7), the highest rates were reported in Montenegro (69%) and Kazakhstan (64%), while the lowest rate was reported in Russia (30%). In Latin America and the Caribbean (n = 20), the highest rate was reported in Mexico (88%), while the lowest rate was reported in Haiti (43%). In the Middle East/North Africa (MENA, n = 22), the highest rate was reported in Tunisia (92%), while the lowest rate was reported in Iraq (13%). In Western/Central Europe and North America (n = 27), the highest rates were reported in Canada (91%) and Norway (89%), while the lowest rates were reported in Cyprus and Portugal (35%). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates ≥60% were seen in 72/114 countries/territories, compared to 42 countries/territories with rates between 13% and 59%. The phenomenon of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy appeared more pronounced in the MENA, Europe and Central Asia, and Western/ Central Africa. More studies are recommended in Africa, Eastern Europe and Central Asia to address intentions of the general public to get COVID-19 vaccination.

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Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Pakistan among health care workers

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

Factors Associated With Psychological Outcomes Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Health Care Workers Against COVID-19 Infection in Bangladesh

Factors Associated With Psychological Outcomes Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Health Care Workers Against COVID-19 Infection in Bangladesh

Hesitancy Prevalence and Sociocognitive Barriers to Coronavirus Vaccinations in Nigeria

A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review

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