Acceptance matters: Disengagement and attrition among LGBT personnel in the U.S. military

McNamara, Kathleen; Gribble, Rachael; Sharp, Marie‐Louise; Alday, Eva; Corletto, Giselle; Lucas, Carrie L.; Castro, Carl A.; Fear, Nicola T.; Goldbach, Jeremy T.; Holloway, Ian W.

doi:10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0017

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…7,22 Harassment is similarly present, although more likely to be physically violent, in military contexts 4,6 than in EFR contexts, where verbal events are more common. 22 LGBTQIA+ service personnel report that such experiences negatively affect their perception of acceptance in the service community, 11,12,23 influencing SGM identity disclosure, 6,22 increasing work-related stress, 15,17 and hindering career progression. 23 In a qualitative study of LGBTQIA+ firefighters, it was found that women who revealed SGM identity in the workplace reported greater perceived acceptance among majority male colleagues due to associated masculine stereotypes aligning with a masculinized institutional culture 11 (a potential psychosocial protective factor).…”

Section: And Efrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 LGBTQIA+ service personnel report that such experiences negatively affect their perception of acceptance in the service community, 11,12,23 influencing SGM identity disclosure, 6,22 increasing work-related stress, 15,17 and hindering career progression. 23 In a qualitative study of LGBTQIA+ firefighters, it was found that women who revealed SGM identity in the workplace reported greater perceived acceptance among majority male colleagues due to associated masculine stereotypes aligning with a masculinized institutional culture 11 (a potential psychosocial protective factor). However, research examining LGBTQIA+ men who are service personnel describes experiences of discrimination and associated perceptions that colleagues view them as feminized (policing gender expression in the workplace), since they are perceived to be incongruent with masculinized institutional culture 24 (a risk variant of the previous psychosocial factor).…”

Section: And Efrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harassment is similarly present, although more likely to be physically violent, in military contexts 4,6 than in EFR contexts, where verbal events are more common 22 . LGBTQIA+ service personnel report that such experiences negatively affect their perception of acceptance in the service community, 11,12,23 influencing SGM identity disclosure, 6,22 increasing work-related stress, 15,17 and hindering career progression 23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Dobek

Bowen-Salter

Callaghan

2023

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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The objective of this review is to explore the perceptions and experiences of military and emergency personnel who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, asexual, or other (LGBTQIA+), and the perceptions and experiences of their families. Introduction:LGBTQIA+ military and emergency first response personnel report disproportionately poorer career and personal outcomes than their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. Research examining the underlying lived experiences and perceptions of people serving who are LGBTQIA+, particularly those of their family members, is sparse. Hence, the aim of this review is to identify, aggregate, and synthesize relevant qualitative research findings.Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies of LGBTQIA+ military or emergency first response personnel and their families that include qualitative data capturing their experiences and perceptions of navigating industrial institutions and service communities. Military personnel include those employed in any role within any military organization; emergency first response personnel will include ambulance workers, paramedics, police, firefighters, and other public safety roles. Families will be limited to any configuration of immediate family members of active or retired LGBTQIA+ service personnel. No limits will be applied to the age of service personnel or their family members, nor to duration or chronology of service.Methods: Databases searched will include PsycINFO, PubMed Central, ProQuest Central, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, and PTSDpubs. Domain-specific journals will be manually searched, and gray literature and unpublished studies will be searched via ProQuest Central. Study screening and selection against inclusion criteria will be performed in Covidence. Data extraction and critical appraisal will be performed using the standardized JBI templates and checklists for qualitative research. All stages will be performed by 2 independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer.

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Section: And Efrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: And Efrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Dobek

Bowen-Salter

Callaghan

2023

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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“…Generally, it suggests that most respondents have entry-level experience. Likewise, the results of a demographic study by McNamara et al (2021) showed that out of 510 valid responses, 48 percent had 0-4 years length of service, while 31.6 percent of respondents had a 5-9 years length of service, followed by 17.8 percent had 10 years and above length of service. Table 5 showcases the perceived working environment inclusivity of the respondents.…”

Section: Socio-demographic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

An Inquiry to the Working Environment Inclusivity among LQBTQ Members: A Multi-Level Mixed Design Models

Navales,

Dumlao,

Abug

2023

IJBTOB

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Social identities are significant in many facets of life since they aid in self-definition and influence how people interact with one another. Today's workforce needs more diversity and complete inclusion, despite apparent corporate backing and indications of advancement. Similarly, despite a rising commercial case for inclusiveness, the LGBTQ+ group has not seen significant advancements in the workplace. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain whether LGBTQ employees in Cavite now work in an inclusive atmosphere. In order to investigate and comprehend the workplace acceptance of LGBTQ employees, the study used a mixed research approach. Most of the volunteers were between the ages of 25 and 34, single, recent graduates of a trade school, and served for two to three years at work. This suggested that older millennials made up the majority of the participants. The majority of participants agreed that they felt an inclusive work environment facilitated their professional development. The majority of the literature emphasizes management's dominance and commitment to advancement as key reasons why LGBTQ employees stay at their place of employment. In addition, the multilevel analysis with parallel segments for understanding the working environment among LGBTQ members serves as a framework for developing strategies for the inclusion and diversity of LGBTQ employees in the workplace. It was revealed that the inclusion of LGBTQ members in the workplace had no discernible dynamic effect on their profile. Hence, the study recommends strategies to further foster workplace inclusion. Keywords: gender, LGBT, inclusivity, social identity, workplace, mixed design

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LGB Female Veterans’ Experience of Military Service During the “Gay Ban”: A Qualitative Study

Biscoe,

Hendrikx,

Williamson

et al. 2023

Sex Res Soc Policy

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Introduction Until 2000, the UK Armed Forces implemented a “gay ban” that led to the investigation and discharge of thousands of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) veterans. Yet, the experiences of those who served during the ban remain unknown. According to the minority stress model, individuals may face specific stressors related to both their gender and sexual minority status. Thus, the present study investigated the military experiences of female veterans who identify as LGB and who served during the ban. Methods Female LGB veterans (N = 10) were recruited from a larger cohort of female veterans who previously took part in a survey with a UK national veteran mental health charity. Participants were interviewed online using MS Teams between March and May 2022. A semi-structured interview method was employed to explore participants’ experiences of being LGB within the military as well as perceived differential treatment. Thematic qualitative analysis was used to identify key themes. Results Three overarching and seven subthemes were identified, reflecting the risk of being found out, the experience of negative treatment, and possible buffering factors. Conclusions Female LGB veterans who served under the “gay ban” faced negative experiences, including fear and distress, sexism, and interpersonal and institutional discrimination related to their (perceived) sexual orientation. In addition to experiencing negative treatment during service similar to non-LGB female veterans, LGB female veterans may face an elevated risk of being targeted and additionally experience sexual orientation discrimination. Findings of the current study are in line with the minority stress model. Policy Implications The current findings correspond with US evidence of ongoing negative treatment of LGB serving personnel. Together, this should encourage further investigation of ongoing negative treatment of LGB females within the UK Armed Forces, adaptations of veteran services to address unmet needs of female LGB veterans, and appropriate training to combat negative differential treatment of LGB female serving personnel.

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Acceptance matters: Disengagement and attrition among LGBT personnel in the U.S. military

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

An Inquiry to the Working Environment Inclusivity among LQBTQ Members: A Multi-Level Mixed Design Models

LGB Female Veterans’ Experience of Military Service During the “Gay Ban”: A Qualitative Study

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