Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Guided Online for Distressed Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia

Han, Areum; Yuen, Hon K.; Jenkins, Jeremy; Lee, Hee Yun

doi:10.1080/07317115.2021.1908475

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This may support why self-compassion was particularly appreciated by most of our participants. Moreover, a recent pilot study offering online ACT session to carers of people with dementia via videoconference (Han et al, 2021 ) demonstrated that the participants felt that being more self-compassionate helped them to reduce self-criticism, feelings of guilt and to start taking care of themselves following the intervention, which consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There was clear evidence that participants perceived themselves as having benefitted from the intervention. Benefits, such as being able to allow oneself to ask for help from other people, increased awareness of own needs and increased engagement in value-based activities were also reported in a recent study where dementia carers completed an online ACT intervention (Han et al, 2021 ). There is considerable evidence supporting that the perceived benefits of interventions are linked with greater acceptability of the intervention (Berry et al, 2016 ; Morrison et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Common adverse psychological processes among family carers of people with dementia, include self-criticism, avoidance of positive emotional experiences (e.g., avoiding feelings of enjoyment from pleasurable activities) and feelings of guilt (Márquez-González et al, 2014 , 2010 ). Previous studies demonstrated that self-compassion techniques can be effective for reducing such self-criticism and feelings of guilt and for improving acceptance of difficult emotions and thoughts among family carers (Gallego-Alberto et al, 2021 ; Han et al, 2021 ; Lloyd et al, 2019 ; Márquez-González et al, 2014 ). This may support why self-compassion was particularly appreciated by most of our participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Internet-delivered guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): a qualitative study of carer views and acceptability

Contreras

Hout

Farquhar

et al. 2022

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose To explore carers’ views and acceptability of internet-delivered, therapist-guided, self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS). Methods A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was employed with family carers (N = 23) taking part in a feasibility study of iACT4CARERS. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four overarching themes were identified: 1) usefulness and relevance of the content of the sessions, 2) sense of connectedness, 3) the impact of the intervention on participants and 4) acceptability of the online delivery. Positive carer experiences and intervention acceptability were facilitated by learning helpful ACT skills, perceiving the content of the session as relatable to the carers’ needs, feeling connected to other carers and the therapist during the intervention, noticing the benefits of the intervention and the user-friendliness of the online platform. Recommendations for a full-scale trial were identified, such as the inclusion of some “face-to-face” interactions (e.g., via video call) between carers and therapists to facilitate a bidirectional interaction and the provision of an additional aide-memoire to improve the learning experiences. Conclusion Overall, the intervention was acceptable to the family carers. The proposed recommendations should be considered in a full-scale trial.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Internet-delivered guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): a qualitative study of carer views and acceptability

Contreras

Hout

Farquhar

et al. 2022

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defusion and acceptance are the core techniques used in ACT, and studies investigating the effectiveness or feasibility of ACT for family carers of people with dementia are rapidly increasing in recent years, including studies that delivered ACT face-to-face, [36][37][38][39][40] via telephone, 41 and online. 20,42,43 Furthermore, a systematic review of cultural competence in ACT with non-carer samples demonstrated that ACT has been effectively implemented across many countries including low-and middle-income countries. 44 Future research is recommended to conduct cross-cultural evaluations of ACT with family carers of people with dementia with a specific focus on analysing the role of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion as mechanisms of change for treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Clinical and Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Carers of People with Dementia in Japan, Spain, and the UK: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Relationships between Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, and Carer Depression

Kishita

Morimoto

Márquez‐González

et al. 2022

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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Objective and research design This study investigated whether the relationship between experiential avoidance and carer depression is mediated by cognitive fusion using path analysis and whether this model differs between family carers from Japan, Spain, and the UK using multi-group path analysis. Results The whole sample model ( N = 745) showed a good fit to the data. The direct effect of experiential avoidance on carer depression ( β = .10) and its indirect effect on carer depression through cognitive fusion ( β = .15) were significant. Examined variables accounted for 45% of the variance of depression. Multi-group path analysis confirmed the same pattern of indirect path across 3 countries, while the direct path was no longer significant in Spanish and UK samples. Conclusion These findings suggest that targeting cognitive fusion may be particularly critical in culturally diverse carers and pre-emptive efforts to reduce experiential avoidance using psychological techniques may be beneficial among family carers prone to cognitive fusion regardless of cultural differences.

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Online ACT Matrix Parent Training for Japanese-Speaking Mothers with Distress in the United States

et al. 2022

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Cultural stigma, shame, self-concealment, and language and socio-economic barriers often keep Asian immigrant parents and children away from mental and behavioral services in the United States. Research shows that increased levels of parent distress suggest a negative impact on parenting practices and correlate child-maltreatment. Therefore, this study aimed to test one functionally contextual strategy to address such issues. The current study evaluated the effects of an online Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) Matrix for Japanese-speaking mothers living the United States. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline single-subject design across four mothers was used to assess the effect of ACT Matrix on value-driven behaviors, parental engagement (session attendance and daily assignment completion), parental distress, and psychological flexibility. The study consisted of a baseline, treatment (three ACT Matrix treatment sessions adapted from the six-step protocol), maintenance, and follow-up phases. A visual analysis reporting level, trend, variability, immediacy of change and overlap was used to identify a functional relation between the treatment and observable overt behaviors of value-driven behaviors and daily assignment completion. In addition, a non-overlap of all pairs was used to measure effect sizes for these behaviors. For psychological flexibility and parental distress, we used the reliable change index to assess whether clinically significant improvement occurred or not. The results revealed that the online ACT Matrix parent training program was effective in improving all four dependent variables. Mothers reported that the training was culturally sensitive, effective, and acceptable. The details of findings and the implications for future research as preventive science are discussed.

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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Guided Online for Distressed Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Internet-delivered guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): a qualitative study of carer views and acceptability

Internet-delivered guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): a qualitative study of carer views and acceptability

Family Carers of People with Dementia in Japan, Spain, and the UK: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Relationships between Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, and Carer Depression

Online ACT Matrix Parent Training for Japanese-Speaking Mothers with Distress in the United States

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