Acceptable tolerances for matching icing similarity parameters in scaling applications

Anderson, D. N.

doi:10.2514/6.2001-832

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Heavy droplets follow ballistic trajectories to impinge on the body, whereas the smaller, lighter droplets are more inclined to follow streamlines and may miss the body altogether. The droplet trajectories, and consequently the collection efficiency, is determined by the droplet inertia parameter [14]:…”

Section: Description Of the Icing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the water film may break up into rivulets [21] as it runs back, creating a threedimensional surface topology and affecting water collection and redistribution over the surface. The rivulet formation is governed by the interplay of surface tension forces and inertial forces; thus, the Weber number is an important parameter for determining the ice formation [14]:…”

Section: Description Of the Icing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embedding multipoint sensing systems with a scaled model on the order of 1 cm thick may be impractical for quantifying the distribution of icing over a wing surface. For the vast majority of ice accretion studies, measuring accreted ice shapes has been accomplished by cutting or melting into a final ice shape, and then tracing an outline of the accretion on a piece of paper or cardboard [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], which is both intrusive and provides measurement of the ice shape at only a single time. Photography has been used to measure accreted ice shapes in several studies (e.g., [15,16,19]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Speed Imaging to Quantify Transient Ice Accretion Process over an Airfoil

Waldman

2016

Journal of Aircraft

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Ice accretion on aircraft wings poses a performance and safety threat as aircraft encounter supercooled droplets suspended in the cloud layer. The details of the ice accretion depend on the atmospheric conditions and the flight parameters. The icing process on the wing consists of a complex interaction of water deposition, surface water transport, and freezing. The aerodynamics affect the water deposition, the heat and mass transport, and ice accumulation; meanwhile, the accumulating ice affects the aerodynamics. Until now, most experimental measurements of aircraft icing have focused on the final ice shapes formed after exposure for a set duration to icing conditions. This approach fails to capture the transient processes that form the final ice formations. Here, we present experiments conducted in the Iowa State Icing Research Tunnel on a NACA 0012 airfoil to study the transient ice accretion process under varying icing conditions. High-speed video of the icing process was acquired under controlled environmental conditions to quantitatively measure the transient water film runback, rivulet formation, and accumulated ice growth. Image processing techniques were developed to extract physical information from the acquired image sequences of the icing events. The experiments demonstrate how varying the environmental conditions modifies the ice accretion process. It was found that the leading-edge ice growth rate is proportional to water deposition rate and the rivulet spacing and rivulet area coverage decrease with increasing wind speed. The water rivulet runback speed over the airfoil surface was found to increase rapidly with increasing wind speed.

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Section: Description Of the Icing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Icing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Speed Imaging to Quantify Transient Ice Accretion Process over an Airfoil

Waldman

2016

Journal of Aircraft

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“…More specifically, for the test cases with same temperature of T ∞ −15°C, the growth rate of the ice layer accreted over the propeller blade was found to increase almost by a factor of 4.0 as the LWC level of the incoming airflow was increased from LWC 0.5 g∕m 3 to LWC 2.0 g∕m 3 . Because the ice accretion process under relatively colder conditions (i.e., T ∞ −15°C) would be a typical rime icing process, as suggested by Anderson [35], the ice accumulation parameter, A c , can be defined as…”

Section: Further Analysis About the Ice Accretion Process Over Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Icing Process over a Rotating Propeller Model

Liu

Ning

et al. 2018

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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An experimental study was conducted to investigate the dynamic ice accretion process over the blade surfaces of a rotating propeller model for unmanned-aerial-system (UAS) applications. In addition to revealing the transient ice accretion process over the rotating propeller surfaces, the dynamic thrust force generated by the propeller model was also measured simultaneously along with the required power inputs to drive the propeller model. Because of the combined effects of aerodynamics forces and the centrifugal force associated with the rotation motion, the ice accretion process over the rotating propeller surfaces was found to become very complicated. The ice accretion over the rotating propeller surfaces was found to become more preferable along the radial direction with the formation of lobster-tail-like ice structures extruding out from the propeller blade surfaces. The aerodynamic performance of the propeller model was also found to degrade tremendously due to the ice accretion, causing a significant reduction (i.e., up to 70% reduction) in mean thrust generation and a dramatic increase in force fluctuation amplitude (i.e., up to 250% increase). Despite of different types of ice accretion, the propeller model was always found to consume more power operating under icing conditions (i.e., up to 250% more power consumption under glaze icing conditions).

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“…2,3 It is important that analytical expressions used to calculate it include all significant physical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%