Acceptable Levels for Ingestion of Dimethylsilanediol in Water on the International Space Station

Ramanathan, Ravishankar; James, John T.; McCoy, Torin

doi:10.3357/asem.3198.2012

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Linear siloxanes that have been detected in water and that are products of the hydrolysis of larger siloxanes include monomethylsilanetriol (MMST), 17 dimethylsilanediol (DMSD), and trimethylsilanol (TMS). 18,19 DMSD is toxic to humans if ingested for long periods, even at low concentrations (i.e., mg L −1 ), 20 while TMS has been associated with causing central nervous system problems. 21 Such toxicity arises from the ability of the siloxane to permeate biological membranes and skin layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superior single- and multi-component siloxane removal from water using a faulted silica DON zeolite adsorbent

Vega-Santander,

Arrieta-Pérez,

Rivera-Mirabal

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 DMSD is toxic to humans if ingested for long periods, even at low concentrations ( i.e. , mg L −1 ), 20 while TMS has been associated with causing central nervous system problems. 21 Such toxicity arises from the ability of the siloxane to permeate biological membranes and skin layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior single- and multi-component siloxane removal from water using a faulted silica DON zeolite adsorbent

Vega-Santander,

Arrieta-Pérez,

Rivera-Mirabal

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…Cabin air monitors in the ISS have typically used gas chromatography, ion and differential mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS) to monitor part-per-million (ppm) levels of air contaminants [1][2][3][4]. For water samples, electrochemistry and colorimetric solid-phase extraction/reflectance spectroscopy are used to determine total organic carbon and biocide concentrations, respectively [5,6]. These on-board technologies, however, lack specificity or only focus on a narrow class of analytes, and are not implemented in a fashion that enables simultaneous air and water quality assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplasma Ionization of Volatile Organics for Improving Air/Water Monitoring Systems On-Board the International Space Station

Bernier

Alberici

Keelor

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Low molecular weight polar organics are commonly observed in spacecraft environments. Increasing concentrations of one or more of these contaminants can negatively impact Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) systems and/or the health of crew members, posing potential risks to the success of manned space missions. Ambient plasma ionization mass spectrometry (MS) is finding effective use as part of the analytical methodologies being tested for next-generation space module environmental analysis. However, ambient ionization methods employing atmospheric plasmas typically require relatively high operation voltages and power, thus limiting their applicability in combination with fieldable mass spectrometers. In this work, we investigate the use of a low power microplasma device in the microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) configuration for the analysis of polar organics encountered in space missions. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure with molybdenum foil disc electrodes and a mica insulator was used to form a 300 μm diameter plasma discharge cavity. We demonstrate the application of these MIM microplasmas as part of a versatile miniature ion source for the analysis of typical volatile contaminants found in the International Space Station (ISS) environment, highlighting their advantages as low cost and simple analytical devices.

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“…After significant analytical effort, it was determined that the interfering compound was dimethylsilanediol (DMSD), a degradation product of silicon-based organics, including those found in ISS air. ,, DMSD was found to account for greater than 90% of the TOC in the WPA product water. Despite its low to moderate toxicological concern for oral exposure, DMSD causes other issues for ISS operations, such as the need for early replacement of the multifiltration (MF) beds used to remove inorganic and nonvolatile organic contaminants . Replacement of the MF beds in the WPA eventually led to a decrease in the measured TOC; however, the increase has routinely reoccurred .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal Vaporization Sample Introduction for Spaceflight Water Quality Monitoring via Gas Chromatography-Differential Mobility Spectrometry

et al. 2015

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In the history of manned spaceflight, environmental monitoring has relied heavily on archival sampling. However, with the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) and the subsequent extension in mission duration up to one year, an enhanced, real-time method for environmental monitoring is necessary. The station air is currently monitored for trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry (GC-DMS) via the Air Quality Monitor (AQM), while water is analyzed to measure total organic carbon and biocide concentrations using the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOCA) and the Colorimetric Water Quality Monitoring Kit (CWQMK), respectively. As mission scenarios extend beyond low Earth orbit, a convergence in analytical instrumentation to analyze both air and water samples is highly desirable. Since the AQM currently provides quantitative, compound-specific information for air samples and many of the targets in air are also common to water, this platform is a logical starting point for developing a multimatrix monitor. Here, we report on the interfacing of an electrothermal vaporization (ETV) sample introduction unit with a ground-based AQM for monitoring target analytes in water. The results show that each of the compounds tested from water have similar GC-DMS parameters as the compounds tested in air. Moreover, the ETV enabled AQM detection of dimethlsilanediol (DMSD), a compound whose analysis had proven challenging using other sample introduction methods. Analysis of authentic ISS water samples using the ETV-AQM showed that DMSD could be successfully quantified, while the concentrations obtained for the other compounds also agreed well with laboratory results.

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Acceptable Levels for Ingestion of Dimethylsilanediol in Water on the International Space Station

Abstract: The SWEG for DMSD for 100 d of ingestion was set at 35 mg x L(-1), which is equivalent to 9 mg x L(-1) as TOC. This is well above the TOC SWEG of 3 mg x L(-1) and the peak DMSD level of processed water observed on orbit, which was 2.2 mg x L(-1) asTOC (8.5 mg x L(-10 of DMSD).

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Superior single- and multi-component siloxane removal from water using a faulted silica DON zeolite adsorbent

Superior single- and multi-component siloxane removal from water using a faulted silica DON zeolite adsorbent

Microplasma Ionization of Volatile Organics for Improving Air/Water Monitoring Systems On-Board the International Space Station

Electrothermal Vaporization Sample Introduction for Spaceflight Water Quality Monitoring via Gas Chromatography-Differential Mobility Spectrometry

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