Acceptability of the Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF) initiative in Tanzania: A mixed methods process evaluation of the moderating factors

Kalolo, Albino; Kapologwe, Ntuli; Samky, Hendry; Kibusi, Stephen M.

doi:10.1002/hpm.3402

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Increasing the quantities of commodities managed at the health facilities to meet the demand would significantly reduce these costs. These endeavors would be facilitated by the new GoT initiatives of implementing the Direct Facility financing (DHFF) [22,23], which empowers health facilities to manage their funds and thus procure health commodities as per their needs.…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The public health sector supply chain costs in Tanzania

Ruhago

Ngalesoni

Msasi

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Tanzania’s supply chain system is a complicated web of integrated and vertical systems, covering essential and vertical programs health commodities, laboratory and diagnostics, equipment, and supplies. Despite significant improvement in the supply chain over the decades, the availability of medicines has remained uneven. Therefore, identifying the cost of operating the supply chain is vital to facilitate allocation of adequate finances to run the supply chain. We adopted a three-step approach to costing, which included i) identification, ii) measurement, and (iii) valuation of the resource use. Two levels of the Tanzanian supply chain system were examined to determine the cost of running the supply chain by function. These included first the Medical Stores Department (MSD) central and zonal level, secondly the health service delivery level that include National, Zonal and regional hospitals and the Primary Health Care (District Hospital, health center and Dispensary). The review adopted the health system perspective, whereby all resources consumed in delivering health commodities were considered, resource use was then classified as financial and economic costs. The costing period was an average of two financial years, 2015/16 and 2016/17. The cost data were exchanged from Tanzania Shillings to 2017 US$ and then adjusted for inflation to 2020 US$. The study used the total sales reported in audited financial accounts for throughput value. The average annual costs of running the supply chain at the central MSD was estimated at USD$ 15.5 million and US$ 4.1 million at the four sampled MSD Zonal branches. There is a wide variation in annual running costs among MSD zonal branches; the supply chain’s unit cost was highest in the Dodoma zone and lowest in the Mwanza zone at 26% and 8%, respectively. When examined on a cost-per-unit basis, supply chain systems operate at sub-optimal levels at health facilities at a unit cost of 37% per unit of commodity throughput value. There are inefficiencies in supply chain financing in Tanzania. Storage costs are higher than distribution costs, this may imply some efficiency gains. MSD should employ a "just in time" inventory model, reducing the inventory holding costs, including the high-expired commodities holding charge, this could be improved by increasing the order fill rate.

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Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The public health sector supply chain costs in Tanzania

Ruhago

Ngalesoni

Msasi

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…In addition to implementing DHFF and FFARS, the GoT has also developed web-based planning and budgeting tool known as PlanRep to assist in strategic planning and resource allocation. Further the Comprehensive Council Health Planning (CCHP) and Health Facilities Planning guidelines has been developed to facilitate resource allocation including health commodities [ 7 , 8 ]. It is envisaged that the reforms will increase provider autonomy over access to and use of resources, increase engagement of health facility governing committees and health care workers in the planning and financing of necessary inputs such as health commodities essential for the delivery of quality health services [ 3 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the implication of direct health facility financing on health commodities availability in Tanzania

Ruhago,

John,

Ngalesoni

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The Government of Tanzania (GoT) has in the last decade made progress in strengthening the health system financing with progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The major reforms includes development of the health financing strategy, reforming the Community Health Fund (CHF) and introduction of the Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF). DHFF was introduced in all district councils in the 2017/18 financial year. One of the anticipated goals of DHFF is to improve availability of health commodities. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of DHFF in improving the availability of health commodities in primary health care facilities. This study employed cross sectional study design, using quantitative techniques to analyze data related to expenditures and availability of health commodities at the primary health care facilities in Tanzania mainland. Secondary data was extracted from Electronic Logistics Management Information System (eLMIS) and Facility Financial Accounting and Reporting System (FFARS). Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the data using Microsoft Excel (2021) and inferential analysis was done using Stata SE 16.1. There has been an increase in allocation of funds for health commodities over the past three years. The Health Basket Funds (HBFs) accounted for an average of 50% of all health commodities expenditures. The complimentary funds (user fees and insurance) contributed about 20%, which is less than the 50% required by the cost sharing guideline. There is potentiality in DHFF improving visibility and tracking of health commodities funding. Implementation of DHFF has increased the amount of funding for health commodities at health facilities. The visibility and tracking of health commodity funding has improved. There is a scope of increasing health commodity funds at health facilities since the expenditures on health commodities is lower than what is indicated in the cost sharing collection and use guideline.

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“…To manage financial resources effectively and efficiently, health facility management team (HFMT) members perform a range of activities/functions including the following: financial planning and budgeting, mobilizing financial resources from various sources, disbursing and allocating funds for various uses, preparing financial reports, and supporting audit and risk management of funds (Kalolo et al, 2021;Kapologwe et al, 2019;Kuwawenaruwa et al, 2019;Wishnia & Goudge, 2021). In performing these functions, health facility managers experience challenges that negatively affect the provision of health services to individuals and communities overall (Fritzen, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership and Governance in Primary Healthcare

Kapologwe¹,

Anasel²,

Kalolo³

2023

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Good leadership and governance at all levels of the healthcare system are necessary for better performance of the system and health outcomes. A lack of good leadership and governance practices can lead to the misuse of health system inputs such as human resources, health commodities and financial resources, hence lowering the quality of services delivered. Thus, this practical handbook was developed through collaborative efforts to respond to the need to improve good governance practices at the primary healthcare level in resource-limited healthcare systems.

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Acceptability of the Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF) initiative in Tanzania: A mixed methods process evaluation of the moderating factors

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

The public health sector supply chain costs in Tanzania

The public health sector supply chain costs in Tanzania

Understanding the implication of direct health facility financing on health commodities availability in Tanzania

Leadership and Governance in Primary Healthcare

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