Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy after Implementation of a Mass Vaccination Campaign

“…Lower odds of hesitancy were found for participants with higher monthly household incomes [2,[4][5][6]8,10,14,16,17,20,34]. We also found lower odds of hesitancy for individuals with a university degree, which is in agreement with other studies [4,6,[8][9][10]13,14,17,18,21,22,24,27,28,34,46]. However, analysing only participants that refused or were undecided, this association is no longer significant.…”

“…Furthermore, no intention of taking the flu vaccine in the current year was associated with hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccination, matching prior data on this topic [5,8,18,27,28,46] and suggesting that global attitudes towards these vaccines may cluster together to influence decision making.…”

“…Several cross-sectional studies have since explored COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy and their determinants after the respective countries' vaccination program implementation, namely in European countries [2], such as the United Kingdom [15,16,20,21], Germany [15,22], Denmark [15,23], France [15], Hungary [15], Sweden [15], Italy [15], Norway [21], Poland [24], the Netherlands [25], Spain [26] and Greece [27]. Additional studies were also conducted in Saudi Arabia [28], the United States of America [13,17,21,29], South Africa [21,30], Jordan [31], Israel [32], Chile [33], China [18,21,34,35], Japan [21,36] and Australia [21], among others [21]. These studies have not only reported variation in the refusal rate of COVID-19 vaccination over sequential waves [13][14][15]18], but also on the characteristics of the individuals that reported hesitancy in getting vaccinated [13,14,18] and on the reasons behind this refusal…”

“…In these studies, COVID-19 vaccination acceptance or hesitancy varied according to age [2][3][4]6,[8][9][10]13,14,[16][17][18][20][21][22]24,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38], gender [3,6,10,13,14,16,18,[20][21][22]24,26,28,30,31,36], education [4,6,[8][9][10]13,14,17,18,21,22,24,…”

“…The main source of information on the COVID-19 vaccine [22,[27][28][29]31], belief in COVID-19 vaccination's effectiveness against new variants [28,31,37] and requirement for vaccination against this virus for international travelling [28] were also described as being associated with COVID-19 vaccination acceptance/hesitancy. Additionally, prior vaccination against the flu [5,[8][9][10]18,27,28,38], anxiety/depression symptoms [18], self-perception of poor health [38] or presence of comorbidities [8,18,38] were associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.…”