Accentuated Eccentric Loading in the Bench Press: Considerations for Eccentric and Concentric Loading

Taber, Christopher B.; Morris, Jared R.; Wagle, John P.; Merrigan, Justin J.

doi:10.3390/sports9050054

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In fact, only trivial-small effects existed between the TRAD and AEL conditions for propulsion mean force, duration, and impulse as well as MBV and PBV. The current findings are in line with previous research on the back squat (Wagle et al, 2018(Wagle et al, , 2021, but contradict additional research on the bench press (Lates et al, 2022;Merrigan et al, 2020;Taber et al, 2021). A possible explanation for a lack of within-set potentiation may be due to the comparisons made between the average performance across all three repetitions within each set compared to an individual repetition analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The heavier loads during the eccentric phase of an exercise are typically provided by using weight releasers positioned on both sleeves of a barbell that contact the floor and drop off or by dropping weights (e.g., plates or dumbbells) at the bottom of a countermovement prior to a jump. Through cross-sectional studies, researchers have shown that AEL may provide an effective eccentric stimulus compared to TRAD Journal of Human Kinetics, volume 91, March 2024 http://www.johk.pl loading during the back squat and bench press exercises (Lates et al, 2022;Wagle et al, 2018Wagle et al, , 2021, but may also provide a within-set potentiation effect leading to an enhanced concentric performance (Lates et al, 2022;Merrigan et al, 2020;Taber et al, 2021). Given the potential of AEL stimuli, it should come as no surprise that training studies lasting 5-10 weeks led to improvements in maximal strength (Brandenburg and Docherty, 2002;Douglas et al, 2018;Munger et al, 2022;Walker et al, 2016;Yarrow et al, 2008) and power output (Sheppard et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Braking and Propulsion Phase Characteristics of Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats

Suchomel,

Cantwell,

Campbell

et al. 2024

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in braking and propulsion force-time characteristics and barbell velocity between traditional (TRAD) and accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) back squats using various load combinations. Sixteen resistance-trained men participated in four separate testing sessions which included a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat during the first session and three squat testing sessions. During the squat testing sessions, participants either performed sets of three repetitions of TRAD back squats each with 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM or performed the same loads with the addition of weight releasers that increased the total eccentric weight of the first repetition of each set to either 100 (AEL-MAX) or 110% 1RM (AEL-SUPRA). Braking and propulsion mean force, duration, and impulse as well as mean and peak barbell velocity were compared between each condition and load. Significantly greater braking impulses were produced during the AEL-MAX and AEL-SUPRA conditions compared to TRAD (p < 0.03) with small-moderate effect sizes favoring AEL-SUPRA. No other significant differences existed among conditions for other braking, propulsion, or barbell velocity variables. AEL-MAX and AEL-SUPRA back squats may provide a greater braking stimulus compared to TRAD squats; however, the propulsion phase of the movement does not appear to be impacted. From a loading standpoint, larger and smaller load spreads may favor rapid and maximal force production characteristics, respectively. Further research on this topic is needed as a large portion of the braking stimulus experienced during AEL back squats may be influenced by relative strength.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Braking and Propulsion Phase Characteristics of Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats

Suchomel,

Cantwell,

Campbell

et al. 2024

Journal of Human Kinetics

Self Cite

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“…ECC training: In this training method, the load used during the eccentric phase exceeded that of the concentric phase. Specifically, a load of 110 % was applied during the eccentric phase, while the concentric phase utilized 80 % of 1RM [15]. To introduce the supramaximal load, two devices called Berenice were affixed to the bar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Neuromuscular Fatigue in Powerlifting Paralympics in Different Training Methods

Getirana-Mota,

Aidar,

Ribeiro Neto

et al. 2024

Sports Med Int Open

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Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) has been associated with neuromuscular fatigue; however, its suitability for strength training in Paralympic powerlifting (PP) remains uncertain. The objective of this work was to evaluate the MPV in two training methods (traditional-TRAD and eccentric-ECC). Eleven PP athletes were evaluated pre, during the intervention and post intervention at a load of 80% of the 1RM for TRAD and 110%–80% of 1 RM for ECC. The results demonstrated that there was no significant neuromuscular fatigue for the TRAD (~5% performance loss), as well as no significant decline in MPV during the intervention. For the ECC, there is a significant reduction in MPV before and after training (~12% loss of performance). A difference between TRAD and ECC after the intervention was also identified (0.87 m/s±0.22, 95% CI 0.72–1.02 vs. 0.72±0.20, 95% CI 0.59–0.86 p=0.042, F(3.30)=10.190, η2p=0.505 - very high effect). During the intervention for ECC, no significant decline in MPV was observed. The results of this study suggest that the mechanical indices of MPV do not seem to be effective indicators of neuromuscular fatigue in the sample studied or in the context of this specific training regime, being more indicated as a control of training volume.

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“…Moreover, the detailed data presented in the study of Aboodarda et al [ 10 ] suggest that with ballistic jumps, eccentric variables are augmented in relationship to the externally applied eccentric load. Concentric variables, such as peak power, force, velocity and jump height, benefit consistently from AEL in ballistic exercises with light or moderate (up to ~65% of maximum) concentric loads [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], but this does not appear to be the case for non-ballistic exercises [ 14 ], or where concentric resistance is high (beyond ~80% of maximum) and velocity relatively low [ 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these methods probably reflect most training settings the best, they also entail an inevitable delay of several seconds between repetitions in which weights or bands must be re-affixed manually. As these methods preclude uninterrupted, multi-repetition sets with AEL, most studies have employed either single repetitions with AEL [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 16 ], multi-repetition sets with AEL applied to the first repetition only, or cluster sets with multiple AEL repetitions separated by 30 s [ 15 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Repetitive Countermovement Jumps with Accentuated Eccentric Loading

Gross

Seiler

Grédy

et al. 2022

Sports

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Two methods for challenging the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to better exploit the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) mechanism during plyometric training are reactive strength exercises and accentuated eccentric loading (AEL). Combining repetitive, reactive jumping with AEL poses a novel approach, in which the effects of both methods may be combined to elicit a unique stimulus. This study compared kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic variables between a control (CON1) and two AEL conditions (AEL2 and AEL3). Additionally, non-reactive and reactive jumps performed within these sets were compared. Participants performed two sets of six countermovement jumps (CMJ) under each loading condition. AEL3 had moderate to large positive effects (es) on peak and mean eccentric force (es = 1.1, 0.8, respectively; both p < 0.01), and eccentric loading rate (es = 0.8, p < 0.01), but no effect on concentric variables or muscle activation intensity. The effects of AEL2 were similar but smaller. With or without AEL, there were moderate to large positive effects associated with reactive CMJ (second jump in a set, compared to the first) on peak and mean eccentric velocity (es = 1.7, 0.8, respectively; both p < 0.01), peak and mean eccentric force (es = 1.3, 1.2, p < 0.01), eccentric loading rate (es = 1.3, p < 0.01) and muscle activity (es = 1.8–1.9, p < 0.01). Concentric variables did not differ. Thus, the flight phase and act of landing during reactive jumps elicited greater increases in eccentric forces, loading rates, and muscle activity than AEL. Nonetheless, kinetic variables were greatest when AEL was combined with reactive jumping. Considering the limitations or complexity associated with most AEL protocols, sets of repetitive (reactive) CMJ may be more pragmatic for augmenting eccentric kinetic variables and neuromuscular stimuli during training.

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Accentuated Eccentric Loading in the Bench Press: Considerations for Eccentric and Concentric Loading

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Braking and Propulsion Phase Characteristics of Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats

Braking and Propulsion Phase Characteristics of Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats

Comparison of Neuromuscular Fatigue in Powerlifting Paralympics in Different Training Methods

Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Repetitive Countermovement Jumps with Accentuated Eccentric Loading

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