Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity, Reproductive Hormones, and DNA Methylation

Abstract

Introduction/Purpose Limited studies have examined the association of physical activity with reproductive hormones, DNA methylation, and pubertal status among adolescents. Methods Among 248 boys and 271 girls, we estimated daily physical activity levels based on 7 d of wrist-worn accelerometer data. We used an isotemporal substitution paradigm and sex-stratified regression models to examine the association of physical activity levels with 1) testosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and androstenedione concentrations; 2) DNA methylation of long interspersed nucleotide (LINE-1) repeats and the genes H19, hydroxysteroid (11-Beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) from blood leukocytes; and 3) Tanner stages, adjusted for age, BMI, and socioeconomic status. Results In boys, substituting 30 min of moderate physical activity for 30 min of sedentary behavior per day was associated with 29% (−49%, 0%) of lower testosterone and 29% (4%, 61%) of higher progesterone. Substituting 30 min of light physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 13% (−22%, −2%) of lower progesterone. Among girls, 30 min of additional sedentary behavior was associated with 8% (−15%, 0%) of lower testosterone and 24% (8%, 42%) of higher progesterone concentrations. Substituting 30 min of moderate physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 15% (0%, 31%) of higher cortisol, whereas substituting the same amount of light physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 22% (−39%, 0%) of lower progesterone. Substituting 30 min of vigorous physical activity for sedentary behavior per day was associated with almost six times higher levels (5.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.79–9.86) of HSD11B2 methylation in boys. Conclusions Accelerometer-measured daily physical activity was associated with reproductive hormones and HSD11B2 DNA methylation, differed by sex and activity intensity levels.

Transcriptional and Epigenetic Response to Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

“…Figure 1 illustrates the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for the selection process of the studies: a total of 1,473 articles were included from the three databases, and after removing the duplicates and non-eligible studies, 15 articles remained eligible for this review (6 cross-sectional articles, 5 studies reported the acute effects of physical activity, and 5 articles showed the chronic effects of physical activity). The sample size ranged from 12 to 369 participants (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). The age of participants ranged from 9 to 18 years old (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

“…The sample size ranged from 12 to 369 participants (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). The age of participants ranged from 9 to 18 years old (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Thirteen studies used blood samples (27,(29)(30)(31)(32)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) while 2 saliva (33) and buccal swabs (28) respectively.…”

“…The age of participants ranged from 9 to 18 years old (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Thirteen studies used blood samples (27,(29)(30)(31)(32)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) while 2 saliva (33) and buccal swabs (28) respectively. Regarding disease, four studies included children with obesity (27,34,37,40) and 1 study children with HIV infection (29).…”

Metabolomics reveals sex‐specific pathways associated with changes in adiposity and muscle mass in a cohort of Mexican adolescents

“…TEI was calculated using food composition tables 26 . PA was estimated from accelerometers worn for 7 days 27 using Chandler's vector magnitude cutoffs, 28 classified as average sedentary and moderate/vigorous (min/day). Household SES was reported using the Mexican Association of Marketing Research and Public Opinion Agencies questionnaire, consisting of seven categories ranging from A/B (highest SES) to E (lowest SES) 29,30 .…”

Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prospective Sleep Duration and Timing among Mexico City Adolescents

“…BMI Z scores (BMIz) were calculated based on the World Health Organization reference [ 25 ]. Physical activity information was obtained from the actigraphs (described in detail here [ 26 ]) using Chandler’s vector magnitude cutoffs [ 27 ] and classified as moderate/vigorous hours/day. Total screen time was assessed with a questionnaire adapted for and validated in Mexican adolescents [ 28 ], and was divided into quartiles.…”