Acceleration of scattered solar wind protons at the polar terminator of the Moon: Results from Chang'E‐1/SWIDs

Wang, X.-D.; Bian, Wei-Hao; Wang, Jingsong; Liu, J.-J.; Zou, Yongliao; Zhang, H.-B.; Lü, C.; Liu, J.-Z.; Zuo, Wei; Su, Yang; Wang, Wen; Wang, M.; Ouyang, Ziyuan; Li, C.-L.

doi:10.1029/2010gl042891

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Crider and Vondrak (2002); 5 Feldman et al (2000)). This assumption has been invalidated by several 6 recent observations conducted by Nozomi (Futaana et al, 2003), Kaguya 7 (Saito et al, 2008), Chandrayaan-1 Lue et al, 2011), the (Wang et al, 2010) and Artemis (Halekas et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Imaging the South Pole–Aitken basin in backscattered neutral hydrogen atoms

Vorburger

Würz

Barabash

et al. 2015

Planetary and Space Science

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The lunar surface is very efficient in reflecting impinging solar wind ions as energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). A global analysis of lunar hydrogen ENAs showed that on average 16% of the solar wind protons are reflected, and that the reflected fraction can range from less than 8% to more than 24%, depending on location. It is established that magnetic anomalies reduce the flux of backscattered hydrogen ENAs by screening-off a fraction of the impinging solar wind. The effects of the surface properties such as porosity, roughness, chemical composition, and extent of weathering, was not known.In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of ENA observations of * Corresponding author Email: avorburger@amnh. the South Pole -Aitken basin to determine which of the surface properties might be responsible for the observed variation in the integral ENA flux.The South Pole -Aitken basin with its highly variable surface properties is an ideal object for such studies. It is very deep, possesses strikingly elevated concentrations in iron and thorium, has a low albedo and coincides with a cluster of strong magnetic anomalies located on the northern rim of the basin. Our analysis shows that whereas, as expected, the magnetic anomalies can account well for the observed ENA depletion at the South PoleAitken basin, none of the other surface properties seem to influence the ENA reflection efficiency. Therefore, the integral flux of backscattered hydrogen ENAs is mainly determined by the impinging plasma flux and ENA imaging of backscattered hydrogen captures the electrodynamics of the plasma at the surface. We cannot exclude minor effects by surface features.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Imaging the South Pole–Aitken basin in backscattered neutral hydrogen atoms

Vorburger

Würz

Barabash

et al. 2015

Planetary and Space Science

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“…The latest generation of international lunar missions, namely Kaguya, Chandrayaan, and Chang'E, observed many new phenomena, including magnetic shielding of surface regions (Saito et al 2010;Wieser et al 2010), solar wind scattering from the dayside surface (Saito et al 2008;Wieser et al 2009), gyrating and re-picked up scattered protons refilling the wake (Nishino et al 2009a(Nishino et al , 2009b, and scattered protons interacting with the wake electric field (Nishino et al 2009a;Wang et al 2010). Even now, many components of the lunar plasma environment remain either incompletely understood or unobserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake

Halekas¹,

Angelopoulos²,

Sibeck

et al. 2011

The ARTEMIS Mission

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We present observations from the first passage through the lunar plasma wake by one of two spacecraft comprising ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun), a new lunar mission that re-tasks two of five probes from the THEMIS magnetospheric mission. On Feb 13, 2010, ARTEMIS probe P1 passed through the wake at ∼3.5 lunar radii downstream from the Moon, in a region between those explored by Wind and the Lunar Prospector, Kaguya, Chandrayaan, and Chang'E missions. ARTEMIS observed interpenetrating proton, alpha particle, and electron populations refilling the wake along magnetic field lines from both flanks. The characteristics of these distributions match expectations from self-similar models of plasma expansion into vacuum, with an asymmetric character likely driven by a combination of a tilted interplanetary magnetic field and an anisotropic incident solar wind electron population. On this flyby, ARTEMIS provided unprecedented measurements of the interpenetrating beams of both electrons and ions naturally produced by the filtration and acceleration effects of electric fields set up during the refilling process. ARTEMIS also measured electrostatic oscillations closely correlated with counter-streaming electron beams in the wake, as previ- ously hypothesized but never before directly measured. These observations demonstrate the capability of the comprehensively instrumented ARTEMIS spacecraft and the potential for new lunar science from this unique two spacecraft constellation.

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“…These particles are solar wind protons which scattered at the high-latitude region of the dayside lunar surface, accelerated by the convection electric field in the solar wind. This mechanism allows a new portion of solar wind protons to enter the central lunar wake, and provides a possibility to study the property of proton scattering at the dayside of the Moon [43].…”

Section: Results Of Swidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chang’E-1 orbiter plays a distinctive role in China’s first successful selenodetic lunar mission

Ping

Huang

et al. 2011

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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The first Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'E-1 is a successful mission with many fruitful results obtained in various disciplines. The scientific data acquired by the Chang'E-1 payloads can benefit studies of the lunar origin and evolution, as well as other relevant research areas, after careful validation of the data. Among the new results, the Chang'E-1 selenodetic products are continually uncovering characteristics of the lunar surface, undersurface and inner structure. Successful lunar orbiters such as the Clementine, Lunar Prospector, KAGUYA/SELENE, Chang'E-1, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and GRAIL have been revealing, with increasing clarity, global selenodetic characteristics with state-of-the-art fine resolution and high precision. In particular, the Chang'E-1 plays an important distinctive role in selenodetic exploration through enhancing lunar topography and gravity models. The gravity model has been successfully improved with a factor of two after applying the Chang'E-1 long-wavelength tracking data. Using the new models, some medium-scale lunar surface characteristics such as basins and volcanoes have been identified. Furthermore, the old mascon basins of Bouguer, gravity anomaly and craters have been discovered with the Chang'E-1 selenodetic data.Chang'E-1, lunar orbiter, lunar science, selenodesy, topography, gravity PACS: 91.10.Fc, 95.40.+s, 96.12.Bc, 96.12.Qr, 95.10.Eg, 95.75.De

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Acceleration of scattered solar wind protons at the polar terminator of the Moon: Results from Chang'E‐1/SWIDs

Cited by 53 publications

References 18 publications

Imaging the South Pole–Aitken basin in backscattered neutral hydrogen atoms

Imaging the South Pole–Aitken basin in backscattered neutral hydrogen atoms

First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake

The Chang’E-1 orbiter plays a distinctive role in China’s first successful selenodetic lunar mission

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