Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion

Thompson, Rona L.; Lassaletta, Luis; Patra, Prabir K.; Wilson, Chris; Wells, Kelley C.; Gressent, Alicia; Koffi, Ernest N.; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Davidson, Eric A.; Tian, H.; Canadell, Josep G.

doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0613-7

Cited by 314 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…1940s (MacFarling Meure et al 2006;Thompson et al 2019). The mean global atmospheric N 2 O abundance in 2019 was 331.9 ± 0.1 ppb, an increase of 1.0 ± 0.2 ppb from 2018 (Fig.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 93%

Global Climate

Barichivich¹,

Osborn²,

Harris³

et al. 2020

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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“…1940s (MacFarling Meure et al 2006;Thompson et al 2019). The mean global atmospheric N 2 O abundance in 2019 was 331.9 ± 0.1 ppb, an increase of 1.0 ± 0.2 ppb from 2018 (Fig.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 93%

Global Climate

Barichivich¹,

Osborn²,

Harris³

et al. 2020

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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“…Agriculture accounts for 60% of the total man-made nitrous oxide release 7 . The continuing increase in N fertilization or N surplus in production also appears to be the main reason for the unexpectedly strong acceleration in atmospheric N 2 0 concentration in recent times 8,9 . Consequences for the role of soils as sources and sinks of the important greenhouse gas CO 2 can also be expected, since the carbon and nitrogen budgets of soils are closely linked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO₂and N₂O fluxes from soil differently

Rillig

Hoffmann

Lehmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Microplastics may affect soil ecosystem functioning in critical ways, with previously documented effects including changes in soil structure and water dynamics; this suggests that microbial populations and the processes they mediate could also be affected. Given the importance for global carbon and nitrogen cycle and greenhouse warming potential, we here experimentally examined potential effects of plastic microfiber additions on CO2 and N2O greenhouse gas fluxes. We carried out a fully factorial laboratory experiment with the factors presence of microplastic fibers (0.4% w/w) and addition of urea fertilizer (100 mg N kg−1). The conditions in an intensively N-fertilized arable soil were simulated by adding biogas digestate at the beginning of the incubation to all samples. We continuously monitored CO2 and N2O emissions from soil before and after urea application using a custom-built flow-through steady-state system, and we assessed soil properties, including soil structure. Microplastics affected soil properties, notably increasing soil aggregate water-stability and pneumatic conductivity, and caused changes in the dynamics and overall level of emission of both gases, but in opposite directions: overall fluxes of CO2 were increased by microplastic presence, whereas N2O emission were decreased, a pattern that was intensified following urea addition. This divergent response is explained by effects of microplastic on soil structure, with the increased air permeability likely improving O2 supply: this will have stimulated CO2 production, since mineralization benefits from better aeration. Increased O2 would at the same time have inhibited denitrification, a process contributing to N2O emissions, thus likely explaining the decrease in the latter. Our results clearly suggest that microplastic consequences for greenhouse gas emissions should become an integral part of future impact assessments, and that to understand such responses, soil structure should be assessed.

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“…Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, have been rising steadily during the past 150 years. Predictions for the rest of the century show either continued N2O emission increases or rates of decrease slower than the decreases occurring in CO2 emissions [1,2]. Agriculture is the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions, with denitrification playing the major role in most soils [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agriculture is the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions, with denitrification playing the major role in most soils [3]. The primary cause of the emissions is excessive use of synthetic fertilizers [2,4], but cultivation of legumes also contributes substantially with a global average of 1.29 (range 0.03-7.09) kg N2O-N ha -1 year -1 while the corresponding estimate for fertilized agricultural fields was 3.22 (range 0.09-12.67) [5]. In both cases, the ultimate driver of the emission is input of reactive nitrogen which undergoes a series of redox reactions and eventually returns to the atmosphere as N2O or N2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition for electrons favors N₂O reduction in denitrifyingBradyrhizobium isolates

Yuan

Mania

Mousavi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The legume-rhizobium symbiosis accounts for the major part of the biological N2 fixation in agricultural systems. Despite their lower need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, legume-cropped fields are responsible for substantial N2O emissions. Several economically important legumes fix N2 through symbiosis with bacteria belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Many bradyrhizobia are also denitrifiers, and inoculation of legumes with N2O-reducing strains has been suggested to mitigate N2O emissions. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny and denitrification capacity of Bradyrhizobium strains, most of them isolated from peanut nodules. All performed at least partial denitrification, but only 37% were complete denitrifiers. This group shared a common phenotype with a strong preference for N2O- over NO3--reduction. We tested if this could be due to low quantities of NO3- reductase (periplasmic Nap) but found that Nap was more abundant than N2O reductase (Nos). This corroborates a recently proposed mechanism that the electron pathway from quinols to Nos via the cytochrome bc1 complex outcompetes that to Nap via the membrane-bound NapC. We propose that this applies to all organisms which, like many bradyrhizobia, carry Nos and Nap but lack membrane-bond NO3- reductase (Nar). Supporting this, Paracoccus denitrificans, which has Nap and Nar, reduced N2O and NO3- simultaneously.

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Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion.

Cited by 314 publications

References 54 publications

Global Climate

Global Climate

Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO₂and N₂O fluxes from soil differently

Competition for electrons favors N₂O reduction in denitrifyingBradyrhizobium isolates

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Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion.

Cited by 314 publications

References 54 publications

Global Climate

Global Climate

Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO2and N2O fluxes from soil differently

Competition for electrons favors N2O reduction in denitrifyingBradyrhizobium isolates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO₂and N₂O fluxes from soil differently

Competition for electrons favors N₂O reduction in denitrifyingBradyrhizobium isolates