Acceleration of cancer science with genome editing and related technologies

Sakuma, Tetsushi; Yamamoto, Takashi

doi:10.1111/cas.13832

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, experimental data suggest that HOTAIR low-expression could be mediated by small interference RNA (siRNA), but still no evidences exist regarding its potential benefit in humans [98]. The development of new molecular strategies as CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the mutated genome or nanotechnology approaches to deliver drugs specifically to leukemia cells prognosticate high applicability of lncRNA as a target to develop new treatments to leukemia [99,100]. Additionally, the high specificity and feasible detection in tissues, serum, plasma, urine, and saliva of the lncRNAs led us to think that lncRNAs could be useful as signals of specific cellular states or read-outs of active cellular pathologies such as leukemia, being promising as predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in cancer [19].…”

Section: Future Outlooks: Potential Clinical Implications On Lncrnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNA and Acute Leukemia

Cruz-Miranda

Hidalgo-Miranda

Bárcenas-López

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Acute leukemia (AL) is the main type of cancer in children worldwide. Mortality by this disease is high in developing countries and its etiology remains unanswered. Evidences showing the role of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies have increased drastically in the last decade. In addition to the contribution of these lncRNAs in leukemogenesis, recent studies have suggested that lncRNAs could be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response in leukemia patients. The focus of this review is to describe the functional classification, biogenesis, and the role of lncRNAs in leukemogenesis, to summarize the evidence about the lncRNAs which are playing a role in AL, and how these genes could be useful as potential therapeutic targets.

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Section: Future Outlooks: Potential Clinical Implications On Lncrnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNA and Acute Leukemia

Cruz-Miranda

Hidalgo-Miranda

Bárcenas-López

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…proposed innovative therapeutic strategies based on small molecule inhibitors that disrupt lncRNA–protein interactions ( 169 , 170 ). New genome editing strategies such as CRISPR/Cas9 seem to be powerful tools to knock-in or knock-out lncRNA candidates ( 171 ). Modified CRISPR systems could also generate cytidine substitution into uridine to correct oncogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), knowing that numerous SNPs have been associated with potential predictive biomarkers for the risk of cancer, including SNPs in ANRIL , MALAT1 , HULC and PRNCR1 lncRNA ( 172 , 173 ).…”

Section: Oncogenic and Tumor Suppressor Lncrnas In Brain Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors

et al. 2021

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be central players in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. There is an accumulation of evidence on newly discovered lncRNAs, their molecular interactions and their roles in the development and progression of human brain tumors. LncRNAs can have either tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in different brain cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets and biomarkers for personalized therapy and precision diagnostics. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the lncRNAs that have been implicated in brain cancer pathogenesis, particularly in gliomas and medulloblastomas. We discuss their epigenetic regulation as well as the prospects of using lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with brain tumors.

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“…New Genome editing strategies such as CRISPR/Cas9 are developing very fast and seem to be a powerful tool to knock-in or knock-out lncRNA candidates [167]. Modified CRISPR systems could also generate the substitution of cytidine into uridine in order to correct oncogenic SNPs, knowing that numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with potential predictive biomarkers for the risk of cancer, including SNPs in ANRIL, MALAT1, HULC, and PRNCR1 lncRNA [168,169].…”

Section: From Fundamental To Clinical Research: Incorporation Of Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Noncoding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Functional Characterization and Clinical Relevance

Gourvest

Brousset

Bousquet

2019

Cancers

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common form of leukemia in adults with an incidence of 4.3 per 100,000 cases per year. Historically, the identification of genetic alterations in AML focused on protein-coding genes to provide biomarkers and to understand the molecular complexity of AML. Despite these findings and because of the heterogeneity of this disease, questions as to the molecular mechanisms underlying AML development and progression remained unsolved. Recently, transcriptome-wide profiling approaches have uncovered a large family of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Larger than 200 nucleotides and with no apparent protein coding potential, lncRNAs could unveil a new set of players in AML development. Originally considered as dark matter, lncRNAs have critical roles to play in the different steps of gene expression and thus affect cellular homeostasis including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration or genomic stability. Consequently, lncRNAs are found to be differentially expressed in tumors, notably in AML, and linked to the transformation of healthy cells into leukemic cells. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge concerning lncRNAs functions and implications in AML, with a particular emphasis on their prognostic and therapeutic potential.Cancers 2019, 11, 1638 2 of 24 highlighted recently but are steadily on the increase. Herein, we review the current understanding of lncRNAs deregulation in AML with an emphasis on their putative therapeutic potential. Background on lncRNAsArbitrary defined as transcripts of over 200 nucleotides without coding potential, lncRNAs were originally considered as dark matter due to their low expression and poor conservation across species compared to their messenger RNAs counterparts [13][14][15][16]. However, lncRNAs are tightly controlled and exhibit higher tissue and development specific expression than proteins-including lineage determining transcription factors-which support their biological functions [17,18]. Mostly transcribed by RNA Polymerase II, lncRNAs mimic mRNAs in their biogenesis and regulation: most of them are capped, polyadenylated, and spliced via canonical genomic splice site motifs [16]. Their transcription is also regulated by chromatin modifying complexes and specific transcription factors. Nevertheless, we also observe diversity with some non-polyadenylated or unspliced lncRNAs, lncRNAs transcribed by RNA Polymerase III [19,20] and snoRNA-related lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs) expressed from introns via the snoRNP machinery [21].Because of their heterogeneity, much debate remains to find the best classification system for lncRNAs that are currently defined according to their genomic location. Indeed, lncRNAs can be divided into sense [22] or antisense [23] lncRNAs when the lncRNA sequence overlaps with the sense or antisense strand of a protein coding gene, respectively. They can also be defined as intronic lncRNA when it is derived entirely from an intron of another gene, as bidirectional when the transcription of the lncRNA is i...

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Acceleration of cancer science with genome editing and related technologies

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

Long Non-Coding RNA and Acute Leukemia

Long Non-Coding RNA and Acute Leukemia

Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors

Long Noncoding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Functional Characterization and Clinical Relevance

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