“…Many other studies have been performed based on GPUs, including accelerating computational fluid dynamic simulations (Gaudlitz et al, 2013), the prediction of residual stresses in multi-pass welded joints using explicit FEM (Ikushima and Shibahara, 2014), accelerating Tersoff potentials for massively parallel molecular dynamics simulations (Nguyen, 2017), etc. (Karatarakis et al, 2013;Glaser et al, 2015;Xiong et al, 2013;Guo and Baulin, 2017;Cavalcanti Bueno Andre, 2017;Liu, 2018;Kiss et al, 2012;Liu and Dinavahi, 2018;Fernández Becerra et al, 2012). In our previous research, our co-worker Cai et al (2012) developed a parallel explicit FE sheet forming simulation system based on GPU architecture and obtained a good acceleration effect.…”