Accelerating effect of montmorillonite on oxidative degradation of polyethylene nanocomposites

Kumanayaka, T.O.; Parthasarathy, Rajarathinam; Jollands, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.036

Cited by 78 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The abiotic phase can be induced by thermal, photolytic, chemical, catalytic and mechanical degradation processes (Singh and Sharma 2008). The second step takes place only if the abiotically degraded plastic faces proper conditions for microbial growth (Kumanayaka et al 2010) Biodeterioration and biodegradation of HDPE, LDPE, PP, and polycarbonate (PC) without additives exposed to sea water have been shown before (Artham et al 2009). In studies focused on the mechanisms of degradation, it has been found that LDPE can be partially degraded by marine bacteria from pelagic waters (Harshvardhan and Jha 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Conventional and Oxodegradable High Density Polyethylene in Tropical Aqueous and Outdoor Environments

Villamizar

Vázquez‐Morillas

2018

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Polyethylene is widely used in packaging due to its chemical stability, lightness, impermeability and low cost. However, these properties become questionable when it is discarded. Oxodegradable plastics, which degrade by an abiotic-biotic process, have been promoted as a solution to the pollution caused by plastics. This research assesses the degradability of conventional and oxodegradable high density polyethylene in marine, freshwater, and outdoor tropical environments. Samples of these plastics, with and without previous abiotic degradation, were exposed to direct weathering in the Caribbean Sea and the Magdalena River, in Colombia. Their degradation was evaluated during six months by the formation of carbonyl groups, a decrease in elongation at break and visual evidence of deterioration. We found faster degradation for outdoor, followed by marine and freshwater conditions, evidencing that UV and temperature are the most relevant promoters of degradation, especially for oxodegradable plastics, as evidenced by the increase in carbonyl index. In aqueous environments, all specimens showed the formation of biofilm and in some cases cracks and fragmentation, especially in oxidized oxodegradable high density polyethylene specimens in the marine environment. Even if oxodegradables plastics, and in a lesser degree conventional ones, began their degradation process, they did not achieve complete disintegration or mineralization, due to lack of environmental conditions that can only be guaranteed in carefully monitored waste management systems.Palabras clave: contaminación por plásticos, microplásticos, ambientes acuáticos, fotooxidación RESUMENEl polietileno se utiliza ampliamente en el envasado debido a su estabilidad química, ligereza, impermeabilidad y bajo costo. Sin embargo, estas propiedades son cuestionables cuando se desecha. Los plásticos oxodegradables, que se degradan por un proceso abiótico-biótico, se han promovido como solución. Esta investigación evalúa la capacidad de descomposición del polietileno convencional de alta densidad y el oxodegradable en ambientes tropicales marinos, de agua dulce y a la intemperie. Las C.A. Arias-Villamizar and A. Vázquez-Morillas 138 muestras de polietileno convencional y oxodegradable, con y sin degradación abiótica previa, se expusieron en directo a la intemperie, en el mar Caribe y en el río Magdalena, en Colombia. Se evaluó su degradación durante seis meses por la formación de grupos carbonilo, la disminución del porcentaje de elongación a la ruptura y mediante evidencias visuales de deterioro. Se encontró degradación más rápida para las condiciones al aire libre, lo que demuestra que la radiación UV y el perfil de temperatura son los promotores más pertinentes de la degradación, especialmente en plásticos oxodegradables, como se evidencia por el aumento en el índice de carbonilo. En sistemas acuosos, todas las probetas exhibieron biopelícula, en algunos casos se encontraron grietas y se observó fragmentación. Especialmente se encontró este comportamiento en l...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Conventional and Oxodegradable High Density Polyethylene in Tropical Aqueous and Outdoor Environments

Villamizar

Vázquez‐Morillas

2018

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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“…Many studies have reported that the oxidation of the PE films containing pro-oxidant additive prevalently produces carbonyl (C=O) on its surface [6,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The presence of carbonyl group on PE film surface can lead to an increase in its surface polarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Oxidation of Polyolefins by Mild Pro-Oxidant Additives Based on Iron Carboxylates and Lipophilic Amines: Degradability in the Absence of Light and Effect on the Adhesion to Paperboard

2015

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Marine and inland pollution by non-degradable plastic bags and other plastic articles is a topic of great concern. Natural degradation processes based on oxidation of plastic pollutants could possibly contribute to limit the extent of pollution. Thermal degradation of polyolefins in the absence of light by non-polluting pro-oxidants has not been presented before. In this study, we show that two amines, stearyl amine and [(3-(11-aminoundecanoyl) amino) propane-1-] silsesquioxane (amino-POSS) in combination with ferric stearate (FeSt 3 ) tremendously accelerate the thermal oxidation of polyolefins compared with reference samples. Both amines and FeSt 3 are to a large extent based on renewable resources. Polyethylene and polypropylene samples containing less than 100 ppm of iron and 1% of amine were extremely brittle after 10 days in a circulation oven in the absence of light. No significant degradation could be seen with samples containing iron but no amine. In a different application, the initial oxidation of polyethylene can be used in order to increase its adhesion to cardboard. Excellent adhesion between polyethylene and cardboard is important for liquid packaging based on renewable resources. Amino-POSS has been chosen for food packaging applications due to its expected lower leakage from polyethylene (PE) compared with stearyl amine. Film samples of PE/amino-POSS/FeSt 3 blends were partly oxidized in a circulation oven. The oxidation was documented by Polymers 2015, 7 1523 increased carbonyl index (CI) and melt flow index (MFI). The limited extent of oxidation has been proved by unchanged tensile strength and only moderate changes in elongation at break when compared to reference polyethylene films containing no FeSt 3 or amino-POSS. The PE/amino-POSS/FeSt 3 blends were compression moulded to paperboard. The adhesion of non-aged blends to paperboard decreased with increasing amino-POSS content which is in good compliance with an earlier reported lubricant effect of high amounts of POSS in PE. Thermal ageing of PE/amino-POSS/FeSt 3 films prior to coating however led to a significant increase in adhesion. Improved physical interlocking due to increased MFI and interaction between C=O of the blends and OH of paperboard can explain the adhesion improvement. The films were not brittle after thermal ageing, which makes their use in industrial packaging feasible. A mechanism explaining the role of amines during thermal oxidation of polyolefins in the presence of iron is proposed.

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“…Utilizando os valores de absorbância dessas bandas, pode-se calcular os valores de índice de íons carboxilato (IC -), adaptando a Equação 1 [20,21] para a banda ocorrida em torno de 1635 cm -1 (Figura 2). …”

Section: Resultados E Discussõesunclassified

Membranas Poliméricas de PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4 Impregnado com Fe, Al Utilização na Recuperação de Efluentes de Galvanoplastia

Araújo¹,

Soares

Silva

et al. 2014

Polímeros

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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas membranas filtrantes de materiais híbridos de polietileno de alta densidade modificado com anidrido maleico e ionizado com hidróxido de alumínio (PE-g-MA-Al) (matriz orgânica) e fosfato de alumínio amorfo puro (AlPO 4 ) ou impregnado com ferro e/ou alumínio (fase dispersa inorgânica). Essas membranas foram obtidas nas composições de PE-g-MA-Al (M1), PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 (M2), PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 -Al (M3), PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 -Fe (M4) e PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 -Fe,Al (M5), na proporção de 97/3% em massa, pelo método de "casting", usando xileno à quente e sob refluxo, como solvente. As técnicas de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difração de raios X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica (TGA), análise textural, tensão superficial e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) serviram para comprovar a influência da natureza dos materiais e da metodologia usada na confecção das membranas na incorporação da fase inorgânica na matriz polimérica e nas propriedades dos materiais híbridos resultantes. A aplicação das membranas na recuperação de metais presentes no efluente de galvanoplastia mostrou que a presença do ferro e/ou alumínio influenciou na morfologia e nas propriedades texturais desses materiais, e consequentemente na utilização como membranas mesoporosas de ultrafiltração, com os melhores resultados apresentados por M1 e M3 na recuperação de ferro (32 e 35%) e zinco (62 e 60%). Palavras-chave: Polietileno graftizado com anidrido maleico, fosfato de alumínio, materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos, membranas compósitas, efluentes de galvanoplastia. Polymeric Membranes of PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 Impregnated with Fe, Al -Use in Electroplating Wastewater RecoveryAbstract: In this paper filter membranes of hybrid materials of high density polyethylene modified with maleic anhydride and ionized with aluminum hydroxide (PE-g -MA-Al ) (organic matrix) and pure amorphous aluminum phosphate (AlPO 4 ) or impregnated with iron and/or aluminum (inorganic dispersed phase) have been developed. These membranes were obtained from the compositions of PE-g-MA-Al (M1), PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 (M2) PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 -Al (M3) PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 -Fe (M4) and PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO 4 -Fe, Al (M5), at a ratio of 97/3 wt%, using casting with hot xylene as a solvent and under reflux. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), textural analysis, surface tension and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to demonstrate the influence of the nature of the materials and of the methodology used for obtaining the membranes in the incorporation of the inorganic phase in the polymer matrix and in the properties of the resulting hybrid materials. The application of the membranes in the recovery of metals in the electroplating effluent indicated that iron and/or aluminum affect the morphology and texture properties of these materials. Therefore, they also influence the use of mesoporous membranes for ultrafiltration, where the best results were exhibited by M1 and M3 in reco...

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Accelerating effect of montmorillonite on oxidative degradation of polyethylene nanocomposites

Cited by 78 publications

References 17 publications

Degradation of Conventional and Oxodegradable High Density Polyethylene in Tropical Aqueous and Outdoor Environments

Degradation of Conventional and Oxodegradable High Density Polyethylene in Tropical Aqueous and Outdoor Environments

Thermal Oxidation of Polyolefins by Mild Pro-Oxidant Additives Based on Iron Carboxylates and Lipophilic Amines: Degradability in the Absence of Light and Effect on the Adhesion to Paperboard

Membranas Poliméricas de PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4 Impregnado com Fe, Al Utilização na Recuperação de Efluentes de Galvanoplastia

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