Accelerating dynamic exchange and self-healing using mechanical forces in crosslinked polymers

Watuthanthrige, Nethmi De Alwis; Ahammed, Ballal; Dolan, Madison T.; Fang, Qinghua; Wu, Jian; Sparks, Jessica L.; Zanjani, Mehdi B.; Konkolewicz, Dominik; Ye, Zhijiang

doi:10.1039/c9mh01938c

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[ 102,103 ] Typically, elevated pH or temperature are used as stimuli to activate thiol–Michael adducts toward dynamic covalent exchange, [ 104–108 ] with enhancements due to mechanical forces. [ 109 ] The base‐driven thiol–Michael adduct exchange has been studied as a dynamic covalent process, [ 110–112 ] in the context of bioconjugation processes, [ 112–114 ] and polymeric materials. [ 107,108,115 ] The thermally driven thiol–Michael DC has been demonstrated via the small molecule model systems, [ 116 ] and applied in polymers.…”

Section: Overview Of Dynamic Noncovalent and Covalent Chemistriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Zhang

Watuthanthrige

Wanasinghe

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Dynamic materials (DMs) or dynamers have potential applications across a broad range of material science challenges. These applications include sustainable materials as a part of the circular plastics economy, advanced materials with tailored high stress properties and biomedical agents. DMs are comprised of polymers that crosslinked through reversible covalent and noncovalent linking groups. This group provides reversible bonds, which impart properties such as (re)healing, adaptability, toughness into a material. The nature of the linker dictates the dynamer's stability and dynamic properties, although for many applications one linker alone cannot give materials with complex multiresponsive functions. The combination of multiple dynamic linkers can introduce complementary functionalities into a single material. This combination of linkers enhances the collective material properties by matching their strengths and offsetting the weaknesses, or by selecting linkers for specific functions, such as one linker for rapid exchange and the other to respond to external stimuli. This contribution highlights the possibilities and unique features of materials containing multiple dynamic linkers, reviewing both fundamental discoveries of materials possessing multiple dynamic bonds and applications facilitated by the presence of multiple linking group chemistry.

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Section: Overview Of Dynamic Noncovalent and Covalent Chemistriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Zhang

Watuthanthrige

Wanasinghe

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…through the reversible depolymerization or exchange reactions of their dynamic cross-links [ 3 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. So far, a number of CANs based on Michael addition [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], Diels-Alder reaction [ 15 , 16 ], disulfide exchange [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], imine metathesis [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], transesterification [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], olefin metathesis [ 26 , 27 ], silyl ether transalkoxylation [ 28 , 29 ], diketoenamine exchange [ 30 , 31 ], and dioxaborolane metathesis [ 32 , 33 ] have been proposed in the literature. Besides recyclability, many other adaptive properties of CANs were also investigated, such as reconfigurability [ 34 , 35 ], shape memory [ 36 , 37 ], and network topological transformation [ 18 , 25 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprocessable, Reworkable, and Mechanochromic Polyhexahydrotriazine Thermoset with Multiple Stimulus Responsiveness

et al. 2020

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Developing recyclable, reworkable, and intelligent thermosetting polymers, as a long-standing challenge, is highly desirable for modern manufacturing industries. Herein, we report a polyhexahydrotriazine thermoset (PHT) prepared by a one-pot polycondensation between 4-aminophenyl disulfide and paraformaldehyde. The PHT has a glass transition temperature of 135 °C and good solvent resistance. The incorporation of dual stimuli-responsive groups (disulfide bond and hexahydrotriazine ring) endows the PHT with re-processability, re-workability, and damage monitoring function. The PHT can be repeatedly reprocessed by hot pressing, and a near 100% recovery of flexural strength is achieved. The PHT can also degrade in inorganic acid or organic thiol solutions at room temperature. The thermally reworkable test demonstrates that, after heating the PHT at 200 °C for 1 h, the residuals can be easily wiped off. Finally, the PHT exhibits a reversible mechanochromic behavior when damaged.

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“…imparting self-healing functionality. [12] Supramolecular interactions can also contribute to the formation of ac reep resistant elastomer, however, since their bond strength is typically lower than dynamic covalent bonds these linkages are less effective in reducing creep. [13] Thecreation of specific combinations of dynamic covalent bonds and supramolecular interactions has ah igh potential to generate autonomously self-healing,r eprocessable,a nd low creep elastomers, [14] which are electromechanically stable,h ave ah igh extensibility,a nd can be subjected to large applied electric fields with areduced likelihood of premature failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar way to conventional covalent cross‐links, dynamic covalent bonds can reduce creep in elastomers, [8b] whilst also allowing efficient reprocessing of the material and imparting self‐healing functionality [12] . Supramolecular interactions can also contribute to the formation of a creep resistant elastomer, however, since their bond strength is typically lower than dynamic covalent bonds these linkages are less effective in reducing creep [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Polymer Networks: A New Avenue towards Sustainable and Advanced Soft Machines

et al. 2021

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While the fascinating field of soft machines has grown rapidly over the last two decades, the materials they are constructed from have remained largely unchanged during this time. Parallel activities have led to significant advances in the field of dynamic polymer networks, leading to the design of three‐dimensionally cross‐linked polymeric materials that are able to adapt and transform through stimuli‐induced bond exchange. Recent work has begun to merge these two fields of research by incorporating the stimuli‐responsive properties of dynamic polymer networks into soft machine components. These include dielectric elastomers, stretchable electrodes, nanogenerators, and energy storage devices. In this Minireview, we outline recent progress made in this emerging research area and discuss future directions for the field.

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Accelerating dynamic exchange and self-healing using mechanical forces in crosslinked polymers

Abstract: Surprisingly, a few seconds–minutes of compression at room temperature can increase the rate of dynamic bond exchange as measured by better self-healing, even for thermoresponsive dynamic bonds which do not exchange under ambient conditions.

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Reprocessable, Reworkable, and Mechanochromic Polyhexahydrotriazine Thermoset with Multiple Stimulus Responsiveness

Dynamic Polymer Networks: A New Avenue towards Sustainable and Advanced Soft Machines

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