Accelerated wound healing and its promoting effects of topical codeine on the healing of full-thickness cutaneous wound, evidences for modulating cytokines involved in pain, inflammation and collagen biosynthesis

The influence of a synthetic growth hormone‐releasing hormone analogue G11 and opioid peptide biphalin on selected fibroblasts parameters relevant to wound healing

“…46 The ability to control these levels would be highly beneficial for a pharmacological agent to be used in hard-to-heal wounds. Therefore, we investigated 36 With regard to opioids, immunomodulatory effects in the context of wound healing were observed in vivo with codeine, 22 casomorphin-incrusted keratin scaffolds, 25 fentanyl 21 or hybrid opioid/tachykinin peptide AWL3106. 5 As to BIF, its immunomodulatory properties were shown previously in vitro using several types of immune cells 48 and also in vivo in animal's models of neuropathic pain 37 or colitis.…”

“…Recinella et al demonstrated in an ex vivo experiment on prefrontal cortex specimens that a GHRH analogue, MR‐405, decreased the expression levels of genes encoding COX‐2, iNOS, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor β (TNF‐β) and nuclear factor (NF‐κB) 36 . With regard to opioids, immunomodulatory effects in the context of wound healing were observed in vivo with codeine, 22 casomorphin‐incrusted keratin scaffolds, 25 fentanyl 21 or hybrid opioid/tachykinin peptide AWL3106 5 . As to BIF, its immunomodulatory properties were shown previously in vitro using several types of immune cells 48 and also in vivo in animal's models of neuropathic pain 37 or colitis 49 .…”

“…In this light, it could be envisaged that locally administered opioids might be analgesics with additional proregenerative activity, well‐suited for application in painful hard‐to‐heal wounds. Several chemically different opioids have been so far investigated in the context of wound healing (including morphine, 19,20 fentanyl, 20,21 hydromorphone, 20 codeine, 22 β‐neoendomorphin, 23 leucine‐enkephalin 24 or casomorphin 25 ). The opioid chosen for this investigation, BIF, is a dimeric analogue of enkephalin exhibiting high affinity for both μ and δ opioid receptors (MOR and DOR, respectively) 26,27 .…”

“…Several chemically different opioids have been so far investigated in the context of wound healing (including morphine, 19,20 fentanyl, 20,21 hydromorphone, 20 codeine, 22 β-neoendomorphin, 23 leucine-enkephalin 24 or casomorphin 25 ). The opioid chosen for this investigation, BIF, is a dimeric analogue of enkephalin exhibiting high affinity for both μ and δ opioid receptors (MOR and DOR, respectively).…”

Intelligent Electrospinning Nanofibrous Membranes for Monitoring and Promotion of Wound Healing

“…For example, both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can secrete specific toxins such as phospholipase A 2 and hemolysin, while pyocyanin is exclusively secreted by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains [ 81 , 82 ]. Lastly, the rise in inflammatory factors like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αat the wound site serves as evidence of the ongoing inflammatory response [ 83 , 84 ]. TNF-α, in particular, is the primary and earliest inflammatory mediator in this process, with the ability to stimulate neutrophils and lymphocytes [ 85 , 86 ].…”