Accelerated transformation of aldicarb, oxamyl and ethoprophos after repeated soil treatments

Smelt, J.H.; Crum, S.J.H.; Teunissen, W.; Leistra, M.

doi:10.1016/0261-2194(87)90058-5

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The frequency of pesticide applications is also an important factor that can affect such degradation (Harrison, 1990). Nevertheless, the degradation of xenobiotic compounds by members of the soil microflora is an important means by which said compounds Smelt et al (1987); Haydock et al (2012) * Currently not available, and prohibited from January 2014 ** Trade name of generic products *** Plums excluded are removed from the environment, and thus prevented from becoming pollution-related problems (Karns et al, 1986). The involvement of microorganisms in the degradation of fenamiphos was proven in a study conducted by Stirling et al (1992).…”

Section: Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the case of organophosphate nematicides, the soil tends to recover more quickly at a pH below 6, and more slowly at a higher pH. Generally, soil will recover within a period of 12 to 18 months before the same organophosphate can be used again with good nematicidal results and persistence (Smelt et al, 1987;Racke & Coats, 1988b;Suett & Jukes, 1988).…”

Section: Preventing Amd In Vineyards and Orchardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1988b). Previous studies have shown that soils that are adapted to degrade aldicarb could cause the accelerated degradation of oxamyl, and vice versa (Smelt et al, 1987). Similarly, soils that are adapted to degrade carbofuran can degrade aldicarb at accelerated rates and vice versa (Suett & Jukes, 1988;Suett, 1989).…”

Section: Soil Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No evidence of cross-degradation between fenamiphos and ethoprophos has been found to date (Anderson & Lafuerza, 1992;Smelt et al, 1996), indicating that the two organophosphate nematicides could be alternated successfully. The carbamate aldicarb can also be alternated with the organophosphate nematicides (Smelt et al, 1987), but the potential implication of cross-enhancement with other carbamates, like carbofuran (Suett & Jukes, 1988;Felsot, 1989;Chapman & Harris, 1990) and oxamyl (Smelt et al, 1987), must be considered. Alternating the use of carbofuran with a compound such as terbufos could reduce the hazard of developing degrading microorganisms (Read, 1986).…”

Section: Soil Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Hugo

Mouton²,

Malan

2016

SAJEV

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Accelerated microbial degradation (AMD) of organophosphate and carbamate nematicides is a phenomenon whereby biodegradation in the soil is increased, leading to a dramatically shortened persistence of nematicides. More intensified agriculture practices in South Africa in response to the future demand for food may lead to increased pest and disease pressure, which in turn will lead to more frequent pesticide application. The same principle applies to plant-parasitic nematode control practices, and the overuse and misuse will have a pronounced effect on the enhancement of AMD. With limited management options available, the responsible use of nematicides becomes more pertinent. Producers should be aware of the problems associated with multiple soil applications of organophosphates and carbamates against plant-parasitic nematodes. This article reviews factors contributing to the AMD of carbamate and organophosphate nematicides in soil and makes practical recommendations to avoid the occurrence of AMD in vineyard and orchards.

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Section: Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Preventing Amd In Vineyards and Orchardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Hugo

Mouton²,

Malan

2016

SAJEV

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“…No residues of any of the pesticides could be detected in soil samples taken 17-22 months after the last application, indicating that no accumulation had occurred. Previously, both aldicarb (Smelt et al 1987) and chlorfenvinphos (Rouchaud et al 1989) have been reported to be subject to accelerated breakdown by soil microbes. However, in the Chemical Reference Plots experiment, only aldicarb appeared to be degraded at a sig-nificantly greater rate in treated soils compared with those with no history of aldicarb treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pesticides on the diversity of culturable soil bacteria

Nicholson¹,

Hirsch²

1998

J Appl Microbiol

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The numbers of culturable soil bacteria in plots that had received either no pesticides or the full combination (aldicarb, chlorfenvinphos, benomyl, glyphosate, plus chlorotoluron or triadimefon) over a 20 year period were compared. Differences were very small although there were consistently higher numbers on the treated plot, possibly reflecting the greater crop yields which had been reported previously. There was no significant difference in numbers of bacterial colonies with homology to a nif gene probe in soils from the two plots. Genetic fingerprinting of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from the plots, using ERIC‐PCR, showed that the dominant strains in the two populations were not the same although there was no obvious difference in the degree of diversity. Substrate utilization by microbial populations from the two plots was compared using Biolog plates. The population from the pesticide‐treated plot showed a higher rate of substrate utilization which could reflect a slightly higher inoculum of heterotrophic bacteria, but could also indicate greater metabolic diversity in the population.

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The Effect on Soil Fertility of Repeated Applications of Pesticides over 20 Years

et al. 1996

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Concern has been expressed that repeated use of pesticides may be leading to accumulation of residues in soil and to damaging effects on the environment. A long‐term experiment, known as the Chemical Reference Plots, was started in 1974 on a silty clay loam soil at Rothamsted in which plots received applications of up to five pesticides (aldicarb, benomyl, chlorfenvinphos, glyphosate and chlorotoluron or triadimefon), each plot receiving the same treatment annually for up to 20 years. Spring barley was grown each year, and its yield was taken as an indicator of soil fertility. The glyphosate and triadimefon were applied to the autumn stubble prior to ploughing from growing seasons 1980 and 1982 respectively, chlorotoluron was sprayed pre‐emergence (1974 and 1976 only) and the other compounds were incorporated into the soil in spring immediately before sowing (1974–1993 inclusive). No deleterious effects on crop productivity were observed from these pesticide applications, and no differences could be found in microbial processes in soils sampled in April 1992 save for a small increase in the amount of microbial‐biomass carbon in plots receiving aldicarb. No pesticide residues could be detected in soil taken in August 1994, 17 months after the last experimental treatment. In laboratory incubations using these same soil samples, the degradation of aldicarb residues was greatly enhanced in plots that had received aldicarb for 20 years, whereas degradation rates of benomyl, chlorfenvinphos and triadimefon residues were not influenced by the treatment history.

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Accelerated transformation of aldicarb, oxamyl and ethoprophos after repeated soil treatments

Cited by 65 publications

References 17 publications

Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

The effects of pesticides on the diversity of culturable soil bacteria

The Effect on Soil Fertility of Repeated Applications of Pesticides over 20 Years

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