Accelerated seedling emergence in interspecific competitive neighbourhoods

Dyer, Andrew R.; Fenech, Alan Paul; Rice, Kevin J.

doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00187.x

Cited by 84 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The ability of seed to detect other seeds suggests a density-dependent basis which would be of particular importance in habitats where emergence timing is critical. However, Bergelson and Perry (1989) compared non-native seeds and Dyer et al (2000) used non-native seeds around a native perennial and therefore the importance of early emergence may be partially confounded by life history strategy. Seed-seed interactions of this kind remain understudied, though potentially very important to community structure.…”

Section: Effects Of Density On Emergence Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While seed density is known to have strong effects on overall emergence (both inhibitory (Goldberg et al, 2001) and facilitative (Dyer et al, 2000;Bergelson and Perry, 1989), the effects of density on the timing of emergence and subsequent consequences of this timing for growth or survival have rarely been combined in experimental studies (but see Bergelson and Perry, 1989). Density effects on germination timing in annuals are particularly interesting because at least three mechanisms have been discussed in the literature, with some evidence for each of them, albeit from only a few tested species in each case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of density on timing of emergence and its consequences for survival and growth in two communities of annual plants

Turkington

Goldberg

Olsvig‐Whittaker

et al. 2005

Journal of Arid Environments

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We tested whether increasing seed density results in a change in the timing of emergence in two communities of sand dune annual plants in Israel. Specifically we tested (i) if emergence is accelerated or delayed due to high seed density. We also tested two predictions about the consequences of changes in the timing of emergence; (ii) seedlings emerging earlier will have higher survival and growth; (iii) the advantage of earlier emergence increases as seed density increases. We examined these predictions for both monocots and dicots growing under different irrigation regimes and using species from a desert and a semi-arid community of sand dune annual plants. Dicots showed increasing negative density-dependent emergence in later cohorts, consistent with the prediction of delayed emergence. In contrast, grasses showed no shift in timing of emergence, although they did experience strongly negative densitydependence in the large intermediate cohort, with the first and the last-emerging cohort ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/jnlabr/yjare 0140-1963/$ -see front matter rshowing weaker and less significant negative density-dependence. Cohort had no impact on survival with earlier emerging seedlings being no more or less likely to survive to the end of the growing season than later emerging seedlings. For dicots, earlier emerging seedlings tended to become larger adults, especially for plants from the desert site. Our results differ from those of other field studies where timing of emergence seems to have a larger effect on components of fitness. We suggest that most other field studies have been conducted in more productive habitats where asymmetric competition through light limitation is much more likely and therefore small differences in timing are expected to have larger cumulative effects. r

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Section: Effects Of Density On Emergence Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of density on timing of emergence and its consequences for survival and growth in two communities of annual plants

Turkington

Goldberg

Olsvig‐Whittaker

et al. 2005

Journal of Arid Environments

Self Cite

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“…Grundy et al (2003) reported a negative relationship between Veronica arvensis L. seed density and plant emergence. Additionally, there is some evidence for seeds "sensing" each other and positively affecting plant emergence rate (Bergelson and Perry 1989;Dyer et al 2000;Tielborger and Valleriani 2005;Turkington 2005). However, results from our study ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These practices utilize detailed knowledge about weed biology, aimed to manipulate their growth dynamics and maximize the agronomic and chemical practice effectiveness (Bhowmik 1997;Forcella 1993). In this framework, the study of weed seedling emergence and early growth is of great interest, playing an important role in determining their establishment success and future competition ability (Dyer et al 2000;Forcella 1993Forcella , 1998Piggin 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) emergence and development is affected by seed density and burial depth

2011

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Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) is a troublesome weed worldwide, affecting a large number of crops. As weed development is affected by a variety of factors, advanced knowledge on the plant's biological and ecological qualities can support favorable management strategies. Seed density is an ecological factor affecting emergence and early growth of many weed species. For that reason, the current study characterizes and quantifies the seed density impact on black nightshade seedling-emergence and early growth, and the interaction between seed density and burial depth on these growth parameters. Greenhouse studies conducted in 2005, 2006 and 2010 examined black nightshade seed densities of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 seeds per pot, buried at, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm. Impact of seed density on weed emergence and growth was characterized by number of emerged plants and leaves, followed by biomass measurements. Seed density had no impact on emergence at the tested burial depths. There was a strong logistic relationship (P<0.001, and R 2 >0.97) between time and emergence, and a strong linear relationship (P < 0.002 and R 2 > 0.86) between time and number of leaves produced in all depths and seed densities. A negative relationship was observed between seed density and plant development and growth rate. Results of this study extend the knowledge on black nightshade biology and support decision-making concerning rational weed management.

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“…Consequently, accurate predictions of climate change effects-in particular the role of climatic variability-on plant demography require a thorough understanding of how both abiotic stressors and the severity of biotic interactions will influence plant survival, recruitment potential, and the timing of critical life-history stages. Our work may have important implications beyond the population dynamics of E. canadensis, since many terrestrial plant species are limited by seed recruitment (Turnbull et al 2000), temperate plant species vary widely in their susceptibilities to fungal seed pathogens (Leishman et al 2000;Blaney and Kotanen 2001;Beckstead et al 2010), and germination timing influences individual performance, population persistence, and community composition (Dyer et al 2000;Orrock and Christopher 2010). The potential for increased seed mortality and changes in germination timing we observed in E. canadensis may be important in the context of climate change, as successful dispersal and subsequent recruitment from seeds will be required for populations of native plants to track changing climatic conditions.…”

Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic variation and seed persistence: freeze–thaw cycles lower survival via the joint action of abiotic stress and fungal pathogens

Connolly

Orrock

2015

Oecologia

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Global climate change is altering thermal cycles in soils during late winter, a transition that may directly threaten seed survival via abiotic stress, facilitate infection by soil-borne pathogens, or both. Using field-collected soil and seeds of the perennial bunchgrass Elymus canadensis, we tested the hypothesis that soil freeze-thaw events limit survival within the soil through direct effects on seed persistence and amplification of soil pathogen attack using a factorial experiment that manipulated freeze-thaw cycles (constant freeze vs. freeze-thaw) and fungicide addition. Freeze-thaw treatment resulted in lower seedling emergence and delayed emergence time relative to constant-freeze controls. Fungicide-treated soils had greater emergence relative to untreated soils; the lowest seedling emergence was observed in no-fungicide, freeze-thaw-treated soils (<1 %). The strong effects of thermal variability and fungi on seeds were mitigated through interactions at the seed-soil interface, as subsequent experiments showed that fungicide and freeze-thaw treatments alone do not influence dormancy. Our work demonstrates that changes in freeze-thaw events directly limit seedling emergence, delay seedling phenology, and provide opportunities for fungal pathogens to limit seed persistence. As recruitment from seeds is a key determinant of plant population dynamics, these results suggest that climatic variation may generate unique consequences for populations under changing climate regimes.

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Accelerated seedling emergence in interspecific competitive neighbourhoods

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of density on timing of emergence and its consequences for survival and growth in two communities of annual plants

Effects of density on timing of emergence and its consequences for survival and growth in two communities of annual plants

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) emergence and development is affected by seed density and burial depth

Climatic variation and seed persistence: freeze–thaw cycles lower survival via the joint action of abiotic stress and fungal pathogens

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