Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction

Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; García, Andrés; Pringle, Robert M.; Palmer, Todd M.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400253

Cited by 3,006 publications

(2,120 citation statements)

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“…Defaunation, i.e., the process of losing animal species, has been accelerated in the last five centuries, a fact by which some authors have contended that earth is experiencing a "sixth extinction wave" (Barnosky et al 2011, Pimm et al 2014, Ceballos et al 2015. Besides extinctions, abundance of vertebrates is sharply declining, leading to functional extinction of several species (Butchart et al 2010, Ceballos et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Museum collections indicate bird defaunation in a biodiversity hotspot

et al. 2017

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Ipanema National Forest, southeastern Brazil, once contained 340 bird species. Forest cover suffered for centuries from log exploitation and, as a result, most of the remaining forests are now an impoverished subset of the original vegetation. We show how the bird community changed over time by comparing historical and recent records. Currently, 228 species can be recorded, for a compilation of 410 species, of which 359 are documented. Some 89 forest species with historical records failed to be detected in recent surveys. Of the 72 Atlantic Forest or Cerrado endemic species, no more than 29 (40%) are still found. The bird community changed from one which used to be related to coastline rain forests to another, which relates more to drier semideciduous forests of the interior.Keywords: Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, hierarchical cluster analysis, multivariate analysis, semideciduous forests. Coleções de museus indicam defaunação de aves em um hotspot de biodiversidadeResumo: A Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, sudeste do Brasil, já abrigou 340 espécies de aves. Sua cobertura florestal sofreu por séculos com a exploração de madeira e, desse modo, a maior parte da vegetação remanescente é uma sub-representação daquela original. Neste artigo é demonstrado como a comunidade de aves foi modificada com o passar do tempo por meio da comparação entre registros históricos e recentes. Atualmente, 228 espécies podem ser registradas, para um total de 410 espécies, das quais 359 possuem documentação. Das espécies registradas historicamente, 89 não foram mais detectadas. Das 72 espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica ou do Cerrado, apenas 29 (40%) ainda podem ser encontradas. A comunidade de aves, outrora similar à de florestas ombrófilas costeiras, atualmente é mais relaciona à comunidade de matas semideciduais mais secas do interior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Museum collections indicate bird defaunation in a biodiversity hotspot

et al. 2017

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“…The results, summarized in the WPC's declaration, the Promise of Sydney (IUCN 2014), and mirrored in the Convention on Biological Diversity's Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 (SCBD 2014), were sobering: although more of the planet's land and sea is under conservation management than ever before (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2016, Watson et al 2014), biodiversity loss continues unabated and an increasing number of biologists believe we have now entered Earth's sixth mass extinction crisis, the first to be caused by humans (Ceballos et al 2015, Dirzo et al 2014, Wake & Vredenburg 2008. Climate change is accelerating, with significant upward revisions of expected sea level rise by the end of the century if emissions continue unabated (DeConto and Pollard 2016) as well as increased risk of drought and extreme storms (Hansen et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World heritage, wilderness and large landscapes and seascapes

Kormos¹,

Badman²,

Jaeger³

et al. 2017

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“…Global biodiversity loss is progressing at increasingly alarming rates (Schipper et al 2008;Barnosky et al 2011;Ceballos et al 2015;Ripple et al 2015). To mitigate further loss, effective conservation management plans are critical, which in turn require in-depth understandings of species' biological requirements (Margules and Pressey 2000;Chetkiewicz et al 2006;Cooke 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First known satellite collaring of a viverrid species: preliminary performance and implications of GPS tracking Malay civets (Viverra tangalunga)

Evans

Guerrero-Sánchez

Bakar

et al. 2016

Ecological Research

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The application of advanced technologies to the study of little-known species is a necessary step in generating effective conservation strategies. Despite the biological importance of the small carnivore guild, a paucity of data exists in terms of the spatial ecology of these species, largely due to logistical constraints of large and bulky collar units. This study reports the first known satellite collaring of a viverrid, the Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga), in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Stationary tests of two generations of 65-70 g e-obs GmbH 'Collar 1A' units recorded high fix success rates and good accuracy and precision under semi-open canopy. From October 2013-August 2015, nine adult V. tangalunga were fit with e-obs collars recording hourly nocturnal GPS locations. Collars were successfully deployed for 27-187 days. Field GPS fix success varied from 22 to 88.3 %, with the study documenting a total GPS success of 58.1 % across all individuals. Despite this large in-field performance range, the quality and quantity of data collected by these units surpass that of previous VHF studies on Asian viverrids, collecting on average a 16-fold increase in locations per collaring day. The successful application of satellite technology to these little-known carnivores carries significant biological and conservation implications, and it is recommended that satellite collars are a viable technology to conduct detailed and well-designed ecological studies of Viverridae species.

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Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction

Abstract: Humans are causing a massive animal extinction without precedent in 65 million years.

Cited by 3,006 publications

References 28 publications

Museum collections indicate bird defaunation in a biodiversity hotspot

Museum collections indicate bird defaunation in a biodiversity hotspot

World heritage, wilderness and large landscapes and seascapes

First known satellite collaring of a viverrid species: preliminary performance and implications of GPS tracking Malay civets (Viverra tangalunga)

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