Accelerated Infant Weight Gain and Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Early Adulthood

Breij, Laura M; Kerkhof, Gerthe F.; Hokken-Koelega, Anita C S

doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3199

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The data of the participants were compared with the data of 268 young adults born at full term (PROGRAM study) [9]. Both cohorts had similar in- and exclusion criteria and measurements and were from the same research center, but they had a different gestational age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, our group showed that young adults who were born at full term and underwent accelerated weight gain during infancy had an increased fatty liver index (FLI), a measure of NAFLD in early adulthood [9]. While the gold standard for determining NAFLD is liver biopsy, the FLI is widely used and has recently been validated for identifying NAFLD in a large population-based study [10,11,12,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also hypothesized that adults born preterm have a higher FLI than adults born at full term [9,16,17]. We therefore investigated associations of birth weight, gain in weight-for-length, and accelerated catch-up in weight in the first year after term age with the FLI in general and with individual biochemical markers of FLI as well as with other markers indicating liver damage in a cohort of young adults born preterm [7,18,19,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm

2015

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Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Accelerated catch-up in weight during infancy in subjects born at full term has been associated with increased risk for NAFLD in adulthood, but this association has not been studied in subjects born preterm. Methods: In 162 young adults born at a gestational age <36 weeks, we assessed the associations between fatty liver index (FLI, 0-100) and birth weight standard deviation score and first-year weight gain. We performed comparisons between subjects with and without accelerated catch-up in weight in the first year after term age. An FLI score was assigned to each participant to determine the clinical relevance, and regression analyses were performed. Results: Accelerated weight gain in the first 3 months after term age was associated with FLI as a continuous variable, whereas gestational age and low birth weight were not. Of the subjects with accelerated catch-up in weight-for-length after term age, 7.3% had a high FLI at the age of 21 years, whereas none of the subjects without accelerated catch-up in weight had a high FLI. Conclusion: Our study shows that accelerated weight gain after term age is associated with an increased risk of developing NAFLD in young adults born preterm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm

2015

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“…Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with the development of clinical manifestations of the MetS and increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood [10] and is a strong risk factor for NAFLD since childhood [17,18]. We had previously shown the association of paediatric NAFLD with IUGR; the prevalence of SGA in children with NAFLD resulted about four times higher compared to the average percentage of the hospitalized children [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, the "foetal insulin hypothesis" suggests that alterations in insulin sensitivity and secretion in newborns with intrauterine growth reduction are genetically determined and independent of the intrauterine environment [16]. In any case, at birth, when nutrient availability is higher, this "greedy" metabolism may cause fast weight gain and 6 fat accumulation predisposing children with IUGR both to MetS and NAFLD in adulthood and increasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality [5,9,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Birthweight Increases the Likelihood of Severe Steatosis in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Bugianesi

Bizzarri

Rosso

et al. 2017

American Journal of Gastroenterology

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Developmental Conditioning of the Vasculature

Clough

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

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There is increasing evidence from epidemiological and experimental animal studies that the early life environment, of which nutrition is a key component, acts through developmental adaptive responses to set the capacity of cardiovascular and metabolic pathways to respond to physiological and pathophysiological challenges in later life. One finding that is consistent to both population studies and animal models is the propensity for such effects to induce endothelial dysfunction throughout the vascular tree, including the microvasculature. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension are associated with changes in microvascular function affecting multiple tissues and organs. These changes may be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end organ damage. Suboptimal maternal nutrition and fetal growth result in reduced microvascular perfusion and functional dilator capacity in the offspring, which together with microvascular rarefaction and remodeling serve to limit capillary recruitment, reduce exchange capacity and increase diffusion distances of metabolic substrates; they also increase local and overall peripheral resistance. This article explores how a developmentally conditioned disadvantageous microvascular phenotype may represent an important and additional risk factor for increased susceptibility to the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adult life and considers the cell signaling pathways associated with microvascular dysfunction that may be "primed" by the maternal environment. As the microvasculature has been shown to be a potential target for early therapeutic and lifestyle intervention, this article also considers evidence for the efficacy of such strategies in humans and in animal models of the developmental origins of health and disease.

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Accelerated Infant Weight Gain and Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Early Adulthood

Abstract: Accelerated gain in weight for length in the first 3 months of life is associated with a higher risk for NAFLD in early adulthood, whereas small size at birth is not.

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm

Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm

Low Birthweight Increases the Likelihood of Severe Steatosis in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Developmental Conditioning of the Vasculature

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