Accelerated increase and decrease in subjective age as a function of changes in loneliness and objective social indicators over a four-year period: results from the health and retirement study

Ayalon, Liat; Palgi, Yuval; Avidor, Sharon; Bodner, Ehud

doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1035696

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, the percentage of those who demonstrated a relative decrease in subjective age was similar to those who demonstrated an accelerated increase. This distribution not only supports previous findings showing a gap in the second half of life between the objective and the subjective perception of age (i.e., Rubin and Berntsen 2006), but also reflects the non-linear perception of time along the passage of years (Ayalon et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Hence, we examined an accelerated increase vs. a relative decrease in subjective age. In line with a previous examination of changes in age perceptions (Ayalon et al 2015), an accelerated increase in subjective age over the 4-year period of the study was defined as an increase in subjective age that was greater than 5 years. A relative decrease in subjective age was defined as a difference in subjective age between 2012 and 2008 that was lower than 3 years.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 87%

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Accelerated increase and relative decrease in subjective age and changes in attitudes toward own aging over a 4-year period: results from the Health and Retirement Study

et al. 2016

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The passage of time may force people to adjust their subjective age in response to changes in their attitudes toward own aging (ATOA). Although positive associations have been found between well-being and both positive ATOA and younger subjective age, the relationships between changes in these measures have not been examined yet. We expected (1) a decrease in positive ATOA to be associated with an accelerated increase in subjective age and (2) an increase in positive ATOA to be associated with a relative decrease in subjective age. Participants were individuals and their spouses, aged 50 and over, recruited by the Health and Retirement Study, who provided responses to a question concerning one's subjective age in 2008 and 2012 ( = 4174). A change in subjective age over the two waves was regarded as (1) an accelerated increase if it was greater than 5 years (36.2 % of the sample); (2) a relative decrease (39.1 %), if it was less than the 3 years; (3) no change if it did not comply with criteria 1 or 2 (24.7 %). A decrease in positive ATOA over the two waves resulted in an accelerated increase in subjective age, and an increase resulted in a relative decrease in subjective age. Older age and more physical impairments and depressive symptoms in 2012 compared with 2008 were associated with an accelerated increase in subjective age. Our findings emphasize the consequences ATOA might have on subjective age experiences, and the need to improve them.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 87%

Accelerated increase and relative decrease in subjective age and changes in attitudes toward own aging over a 4-year period: results from the Health and Retirement Study

et al. 2016

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“…The cravings may be stronger, more intrusive and involve more vivid imagery among people who suffer from a large cluster of ADHD symptoms, because these symptoms reduce people's ability to divert their attention from intrusive thoughts (Malloy-Diniz et al, 2007 ) and the use of SNS can be very rewarding for such individuals; children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms present hyper-responsiveness to social rewards (Kohls et al, 2009 ) which are often provided by SNS. This presumably happens because the use of the SNS can help such individuals present themselves in a more positive light (Gil-Or et al, 2015 ), escape their daily sorrows (Masur et al, 2014 ), increase their self-esteem and sociability (Zywica and Danowski, 2008 ), and reduce their loneliness (Deters and Mehl, 2013 ). Since the presence of ADHD symptoms often induces stress (Randazzo et al, 2008 ; Hirvikoski et al, 2009 ) and reduces people's self-esteem (Bussing et al, 2000 ; Richman et al, 2010 ), it is reasonable to assume that the magnitude of cravings to use the SNS is at least in part influenced by such aversive psychological states which result, at least in part, from having ADHD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Networking Site Use While Driving: ADHD and the Mediating Roles of Stress, Self-Esteem and Craving

Turel

Bechara

2016

Front. Psychol.

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Background: Adults who present ADHD symptoms have an increased risk for vehicle accidents. One conceivable overlooked account for this association is the possibility that people with ADHD symptoms use rewarding technologies such as social networking sites (SNS) while driving, more than others. The objective of this study was to understand if and how ADHD symptoms can promote SNS use while driving and specifically to conceptualize and examine mechanisms which may underlie this association. To do so, ADHD is viewed in this study as an underlying syndrome that promotes SNS use while driving in a manner similar to how addictive syndromes promote compulsive seeking of drug rewards.Methods: Time-lagged survey data regarding ADHD, stress, self-esteem, SNS craving experience, SNS use while driving, and control variables were collected from a sample of 457 participants who use a popular SNS (Facebook) and drive, after face-validity examination with a panel of five users and pretest with a sample of 47. These data were subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses using the frequency of ADHD symptoms measured with ASRS v1.1 Part A as a continuous variable, as well as multivariate analysis of variance using ADHD classification based on ASRS v1.1 scoring guidelines.Results: ADHD symptoms promoted increased stress and reduced self-esteem, which in turn, together with ADHD symptoms, increased one's cravings to use the SNS. These cravings ultimately translated into increased SNS use while driving. Using the ASRS v1.1 classification, people having symptoms highly consistent with ADHD presented elevated levels of stress, cravings to use the SNS, and SNS use while driving, as well as decreased levels of self-esteem. Cravings to use the SNS among men were more potent than among women.Conclusion: SNS use while driving may be more prevalent than previously assumed and may be indirectly associated with ADHD symptoms. It is a new form of impulsive and risky behavior which is more common among people with symptoms compatible with ADHD than among others. Consistent with addiction and decision making models, SNS use while driving can be viewed as a form of a compensatory reward seeking behavior. As such, prevention and reduction interventions that target the mediating perceptions and states should be devised.

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“…However, the relationship between social activities and subjective age is not well characterised even though the relationship of physical and psychological factors with subjective age has been widely reported. The only study that prospectively investigated the covariates of subjective age showed that a decrease in loneliness was associated with a younger subjective age, whereas an increase in depressive symptoms was associated with older subjective age [15]. With respect to the relationship between subjective age and social activity in the elderly, including participation in community activities and social roles that rank higher than instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), one study evaluated the number of social contacts such as conversations and telephone calls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Self-Perceived Age and Social Activity in Older Japanese Adults: The KAGUYA Study

Takatori¹,

Matsumoto²,

Miyazaki³

et al. 2018

Health

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Youthful feelings were shown to have a positive effect on the mental and physical conditions of the elderly. On the contrary, elderly people whose self-perceived age is older than their chronological age were shown to experience negative health outcomes. This study investigated whether the self-perceived age (younger or older) relative to chronological age promotes social activity. The baseline data acquired from 3094 older adults as part of the Keeping Active across Generations Uniting the Youth and the Aged study was used in the current study. The participants completed a questionnaire that solicits information pertaining to sociodemographic factors, felt age, self-rated health, physical activity, depression, disease burden, fall history, fear of falling, level of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and social activity. The discrepancy between felt age and chronological age was defined as the self-perceived age. Self-perceived age was calculated by subtracting the participant's chronological age from the felt age, and the score for the difference was divided by the chronological age. The Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence was used to evaluate social activity. Regression analysis results revealed that a younger self-perceived age was associated with higher social activity after controlling for sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, depression, physical activity, disease burden, level of IADL, fall history and fear of falling. Fall history was significantly associated with higher social activity in young-old participants (65-74 years) (p = 0.014) but not in old-old participants (>75 years). This study suggests that a younger self-perceived age in older adults would lead to a high-level living function. This finding may provide useful information for interventions How to cite this paper:

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Accelerated increase and decrease in subjective age as a function of changes in loneliness and objective social indicators over a four-year period: results from the health and retirement study

Abstract: This is one of very few studies that examined changes in subjective age over time. Changes in subjective age represent an important construct that corresponding to other changes in subjective experiences.

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Accelerated increase and relative decrease in subjective age and changes in attitudes toward own aging over a 4-year period: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Accelerated increase and relative decrease in subjective age and changes in attitudes toward own aging over a 4-year period: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Social Networking Site Use While Driving: ADHD and the Mediating Roles of Stress, Self-Esteem and Craving

Relationship between Self-Perceived Age and Social Activity in Older Japanese Adults: The KAGUYA Study

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