“…As a result of the increasing demand for high-performance graphic computing and deep learning computing, the computing power of graphic processing units (GPUs) has made great achievements and been widely applied for general purposes in recent years. Considering the excellent features, e.g., light weight, small size, and low cost, GPUs are widely utilized to improve the computing performance in hyperspectral data applications [19,20,21,22,23,24,34,35,36,37,38,39]. Compute unified device architecture (CUDA) (), introduced by NVidia corporation, provides a development environment for creating high performance GPU-accelerated applications.…”