Accelerated Heavy Ions and the Lens: IV. Biomicroscopic and Cytopathological Analyses of the Lenses of Mice Irradiated with 600 MeV/amu 56 Fe Ions

Worgul, Basil V.; Medvedovsky, C.; Powers-Risius, P.; Alpen, Edward L.

doi:10.2307/3577714

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In vitro study on the isolated intact young rat lens indicated that radiation doses as low as 100 mGy induced cataract formation [50]. At very low doses of 2 mGy to 100 mGy, exposure to 600 MeV/amu 56 Fe or medium-energy (440 keV) neutrons, 250 MeV protons, 670 MeV/amu 20 Ne, 600 MeV/amu 93 Nb, 593MeV/amu 139 La ions and 50 Co γ-rays will induce micronucleus, meridional row disorganization and various stages of lens opacification in rodents [51–54]. (Table 4).…”

Section: Ldir and Ldrir-induced Bionegative Effects In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation–induced bioeffects in animal models

Tang

Loke

Khoo

2016

Journal of Radiation Research

118

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Animal experimental studies indicate that acute or chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) (≤100 mSv) or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation (LDRIR) (<6 mSv/h) exposures may be harmful. It induces genetic and epigenetic changes and is associated with a range of physiological disturbances that includes altered immune system, abnormal brain development with resultant cognitive impairment, cataractogenesis, abnormal embryonic development, circulatory diseases, weight gain, premature menopause in female animals, tumorigenesis and shortened lifespan. Paternal or prenatal LDIR/LDRIR exposure is associated with reduced fertility and number of live fetuses, and transgenerational genomic aberrations. On the other hand, in some experimental studies, LDIR/LDRIR exposure has also been reported to bring about beneficial effects such as reduction in tumorigenesis, prolonged lifespan and enhanced fertility. The differences in reported effects of LDIR/LDRIR exposure are dependent on animal genetic background (susceptibility), age (prenatal or postnatal days), sex, nature of radiation exposure (i.e. acute, fractionated or chronic radiation exposure), type of radiation, combination of radiation with other toxic agents (such as smoking, pesticides or other chemical toxins) or animal experimental designs. In this review paper, we aimed to update radiation researchers and radiologists on the current progress achieved in understanding the LDIR/LDRIR-induced bionegative and biopositive effects reported in the various animal models. The roles played by a variety of molecules that are implicated in LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects will be elaborated. The review will help in future investigations of LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects by providing clues for designing improved animal research models in order to clarify the current controversial/contradictory findings from existing studies.

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Section: Ldir and Ldrir-induced Bionegative Effects In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation–induced bioeffects in animal models

Tang

Loke

Khoo

2016

Journal of Radiation Research

118

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“…Animal experiments have reliably shown an increased relative biological effectiveness of HZE particles for cataractogenesis when compared to X rays or 60 Co c rays, especially at low doses (16,(24)(25)(26)(27). The types of damage seen after irradiation at the tissue level are thought to be similar for HZE particles and low-LET radiation and include micronucleation, meridional row disorganization, interphase death, long-term effects on the mitotic population and focal loss of epithelial cytoarchitecture (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Estrogen and Gender on Cataractogenesis Induced by High-LET Radiation

et al. 2010

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Planning for long-duration manned lunar and interplanetary missions requires an understanding of radiation-induced cataractogenesis. Previously, it was demonstrated that low-linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation with 10 Gy of (60)Co gamma rays resulted in an increased incidence of cataracts in male rats compared to female rats. This gender difference was not due to differences in estrogen, since male rats treated with the major secreted estrogen 17-beta-estradiol (E2) showed an identical increase compared to untreated males. We now compare the incidence and rate of progression of cataracts induced by high-LET radiation in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received a single dose of 1 Gy of 600 MeV (56)Fe ions. Lens opacification was measured at 2-4-week intervals with a slit lamp. The incidence and rate of progression of radiation-induced cataracts was significantly increased in the animals in which estrogen was available from endogenous or exogenous sources. Male rats with E2 capsules implanted had significantly higher rates of progression compared to male rats with empty capsules implanted (P = 0.025) but not compared to the intact female rats. These results contrast with data obtained after low-LET irradiation and suggest the possibility that the different types of damage caused by high- and low-LET radiation may be influenced differentially by steroid sex hormones.

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“…The interphase death was suggested to be an expression of apoptosis (Broglio and Worgul 1982), although more study is required to confirm this possibility. This is extremely important inasmuch as it is predicted by the cataractotoxic load hypothesis that cataract is the result of genomic damage expressed through an altered differentiation (Worgul et al 1989 b) . Nonetheless our data are consistent with our previous finding, that FN is a dose-dependent effect .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies each of the ion doses of 20, 40 and 80 cGy produced greater numbers of FNs as the LET increases up to -200 keV/pm, followed by an overall decline in number (Figure 2 a) . 1988, Worgul et al . Consistent with most of the previous work (Worgul and Merriam 1980, 1989 a) for the same LET, FN number was dose dependent (Figure 2 b also been demonstrated to be a major precataractogenic cytopathological change (Odrich et al .…”

Section: 2 Nuclear Fragmentation(fn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Heavy Ions and the Lens. IX. Late Effects of LET and Dose on Cellular Parameters in the Murine Lens

Tao

Medvedovsky

David

et al. 1993

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Lenses of mice irradiated with 250 MeV protons, 670 MeV/amu 20Ne, 600 MeV/amu 56Fe, 350 MeV/amu 56Fe, 600 MeV/amu 93Nb or 593 MeV/amu 139La ions were evaluated by analysing cytopathological indicators which have been implicated in the cataractogenic process. The LETs ranged from 0.39 to 953 keV/microns and the fluences from 1.31 x 10(3)/mm2 to 5.12 x 10(7)/mm2. The lenses were assessed 64 weeks post-irradiation in order to observe the late effects of LET and dose on the target cell population of the lens' epithelium. Our studies showed that growth-dependent pathological changes occurred at the cellular level as a function of dose and LET. For a given particle dose, as the LET rose, the number of abnormal mitotic figures, micronuclei frequency, and the disorganization of meridional rows increased to a maximum and then reached a plateau or decreased. For particles of the same LET, the severity of meridional rows disorganization and micronuclei frequency increased with increasing dose. The numbers of cells surviving at late times post-irradiation were comparable with those of controls. In addition, the cellular density was similarly unaffected. These observations are consistent with the current theory of the mechanism of radiation cataractogenesis which posits that genomic damage to the epithelial cells surviving the exposure is responsible for opacification.

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Accelerated Heavy Ions and the Lens: IV. Biomicroscopic and Cytopathological Analyses of the Lenses of Mice Irradiated with 600 MeV/amu 56 Fe Ions

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation–induced bioeffects in animal models

Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation–induced bioeffects in animal models

Effects of Estrogen and Gender on Cataractogenesis Induced by High-LET Radiation

Accelerated Heavy Ions and the Lens. IX. Late Effects of LET and Dose on Cellular Parameters in the Murine Lens

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