Accelerated Development of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Induced by Interactions with Colletotrichum graminicola (Melanconiales: Melanconiaceae), the Causal Fungus of Maize Anthracnose

Carruthers, R. I.; Bergstrom, Gary C.; Haynes, P. A.

doi:10.1093/aesa/79.3.385

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In other systems, fungal infections caused changes in leaf chemistry of infected plants (Rostás et al., 2002; Johnson et al., 2003), with indirect effects on concurrently feeding herbivores (Hatcher, 1995; Omacini et al., 2001; Rostás et al., 2003). A shortening of larval development of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, was found as a consequence of an infection with the fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Chiang & Wilcoxson, 1961) or Colletotrichum graminicola Politis (Carruthers et al., 1986). Furthermore, development time of the grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller, is not only influenced by the grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar (Moreau et al., 2006), but also by the simultaneous presence of the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (De Bary) Whetzel (Mondy & Corio‐Costet, 2000, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How transgenic and classically bred apple genotypes affect non‐target organisms on higher trophic levels

Vogler¹,

Rott

Gessler

et al. 2010

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Current plant breeding comprises classical techniques as well as biotechnological methods suitable to insert target genes into the plant genome. Potential non-target effects of these newly developed plants have to be evaluated in appropriate risk assessment studies. We investigated non-target effects of four apple genotypes (Malus × domestica L. Borkh.; Rosaceae). They were either susceptible or resistant to the fungal phytopathogen causing apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. (Ascomycotina: Pleosporales), and were either of transgenic origin or classically bred, differing in or sharing a single trait each. Experiments on insect performance were carried out with two non-target species, namely the apple leafminer Phyllonorycter blancardella Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasitoid Pholetesor circumscriptus Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Development time of the apple leafminer was not affected by the four apple genotypes. By contrast, the number of emerged adult moths significantly differed between the two classically bred cultivars, whereas no effect of the two transgenic apple genotypes was detected. Paralleling the observations of the apple leafminer development, no impact of the four apple genotypes on parasitoid development time and parasitism success could be detected. Although mean numbers of emerged parasitoids were lower on the cultivars with fewer emerged apple leafminers, these differences were not significant. Herbivore and parasitoid performance was not altered in the presence of pathogen inoculation. In conclusion, host plant suitability was found to be more determined by variability among classically bred apple cultivars than by the transgenic genotypes tested. To elucidate possible effects of transgenic plants within multitrophic interactions, an appropriate risk assessment incorporating the relevant controls is crucia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How transgenic and classically bred apple genotypes affect non‐target organisms on higher trophic levels

Vogler¹,

Rott

Gessler

et al. 2010

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Many insects seem to profit from feeding on plant tissue pre-digested by necrotrophic pathogens (e.g. Carruthers et al 1986;Savopoulou-Soultani and Tzanakakis 1988). In contrast, biotrophic pathogens do not kill and digest their host plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutualistic interaction between a weevil and a rust fungus, two parasites of the weed Cirsium arvense

Friedli

Bacher

2001

Oecologia

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We present a mutualism between a stem-boring weevil, Apion onopordi Kirby (Coleoptera: Apionidae), and a rust fungus, Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Röhl. (Uredinales), both parasites of the creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae). Females, but not males, of A. onopordi induced systemic rust infections of thistle shoots in the season after they were attacked by the weevil, indicating that insect oviposition is a crucial stage in pathogen transmission. Adult weevils emerged from systemically infected thistle shoots were heavier than weevils from healthy C. arvense shoots. Heavier females had a higher fecundity and laid larger eggs. The weevil preferred to deposit eggs in systemically rust-infected over healthy thistle shoots, which seemed to be a sub-optimal host. This is to our knowledge the first report of a mutualistic interaction between an herbivorous insect and a biotrophic plant pathogen. The mechanism responsible for the advantage of rust-infected shoots for A. onopordi causes a different outcome in other thistle herbivores, and therefore can not be explained by a general enhancement of nutritional quality in rust-infected tissue. This mutualism likely has evolved from a competitive relationship. Unlike other thistle herbivores A. onopordi seems to be better suited as mutualist for P. punctiformis because of its small impact on the host plant and its feeding niche on plant parts not directly associated with pathogen reproduction.

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“…Conversely, local infection by biotrophic pathogens may reduce the palatability of the infected and other leaves, for example, by inducing changes in leaf nitrogen content (Hatcher et al 1994). It has been shown that arthoropod herbivory may beneÞt from the establishment of pathogenic fungi (Carruthers et al 1986), have no effect (Rostás et al 2002), or reduce infection Paul 2000, Eyles et al 2007). Birch aphid (E. betulae) has been shown to be attracted to the leaves infected with leaf spot fungus Marssonina betulae (Lib.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and Composition of an Insect Population in a Field Trial of Chitinase Transgenic and Wild-type Silver Birch (<I>Betula pendula</I>) Clones

Vihervuori

Pasonen

Lyytikäinen‐Saarenmaa

2008

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Fifteen silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) lines carrying a sugar beet chitinase IV gene and eight wild-type birch clones were grown in a field trial. The composition and density of the insect population and the leaf damage caused by insects were monitored and compared between transgenic and wild-type trees. The most abundant insect group in all trees was aphids, and the variation in total insect densities was mainly explained by the variation in aphid densities. Insect densities were generally higher in the transgenic than in the control trees, indicating that the expression of the sugar beet chitinase IV gene had an influence on the suitability of birch leaves to aphids. The level of leaf damage was higher among transgenic than among control trees. Chewing damage was the most common type of leaf damage in all trees. The number of different damage types was higher among the wild-type clones than among the transgenic lines or their controls. The results indicate that the chitinase transgenic trees are more susceptible to aphids and suffer higher levels of leaf damage than the control trees. In the composition of the damage types, the control trees were more similar to the transgenic than to other wild-type trees, indicating that the composition was mostly linked to the genotype of the tree and not to the expression of the transgene. This study provides important information on the ecological interactions of chitinase transgenic trees in the field trial. No clear harmful effects of transgenic chitinase on the biodiversity of insect population were detected.

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Accelerated Development of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Induced by Interactions with Colletotrichum graminicola (Melanconiales: Melanconiaceae), the Causal Fungus of Maize Anthracnose

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

How transgenic and classically bred apple genotypes affect non‐target organisms on higher trophic levels

How transgenic and classically bred apple genotypes affect non‐target organisms on higher trophic levels

Mutualistic interaction between a weevil and a rust fungus, two parasites of the weed Cirsium arvense

Density and Composition of an Insect Population in a Field Trial of Chitinase Transgenic and Wild-type Silver Birch (<I>Betula pendula</I>) Clones

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