Accelerant classification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and multivariate pattern recognition

Tan, Beijing; Hardy, James; Snavely, Ralph E

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01050-3

Cited by 78 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An important aspect of the investigation is the determination of the presence of an ignitable liquid (IL) in the fire debris. In most cases involving arson, a petroleum-based IL (most often gasoline) [27,28] is used because these are inexpensive and readily available [29]. The fluids are mixtures that may easily contain hundreds of individual compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Sinkov

Johnston

Sandercock

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Sinkov

Johnston

Sandercock

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…The software used to perform PCA was XLSTAT (AddinSoft), an add-in for Microsoft Excel. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) can be used to elucidate trends in the data while taking into account any correlations between the variables [8,[26][27][28][29]. Prior to conducting PCA, the data was normalized and autoscaled to correct for variation in peak areas due to compound concentration as well as variability in peak areas due to differences in the variance of the ions that were used to construct EIPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil: Effect of season of sampling

Turner

Pichtel

Rodenas

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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In cases where fire debris contains soil, microorganisms can rapidly and irreversibly alter the chemical composition of any ignitable liquid residue that may be present. In this study, differences in microbial degradation due to the season in which the sample is collected was examined. Soil samples were collected from the same site during Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer and the degradation of gasoline was monitored over 30 days. Predominant viable bacterial populations enumerated using real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enumeration revealed the predominant viable bacterial genera to be Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. Overall, the compounds most vulnerable to microbial degradation are the n-alkanes, followed by the mono-substituted alkylbenzenes (e.g., toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene). Benzaldehyde (a degradation product of toluene) was also identified as a marker for the extent of biodegradation.Ultimately, it was determined that soil collected during an unusually hot and dry summer exhibited the least degradation with little to no change in gasoline for up to 4 days, readily detectable n-alkanes for up to 7 days and relatively high levels of resilient compounds such as

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“…Another study by Tan et al (23) used GC‐MS analysis, followed by multivariate pattern recognition techniques to identify and classify ignitable liquids in analytes, and determine maximum sampling times and detection limits for correct classification. Using a soft independent model classification analogy (SIMCA), they determined that in order to identify correctly an ignitable liquid of any class, samples need to be collected within half an hour of application at 20°C; however, samples of petrol, the most commonly encountered accelerant, can still be identified after 3 h using this model.…”

Section: Commonly Used Accelerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Analytical Techniques for Arson Residues

Pert¹,

Baron²,

Birkett³

2006

J Forensic Sci

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Arson is a serious crime that affects society through cost, property damage, and loss of life. It is important that the methods and technologies applied by fire investigators in detection of evidence and subsequent analyses have a high degree of reliability, sensitivity, and be subject to rigorous quality control and assurance. There have been considerable advances in the field of arson investigation since the 1950s. Classification of ignitable liquids has been updated to include many new categories due to developments in the petroleum industry. Techniques such as steam or vacuum distillation and gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection that may have been considered acceptable--even a benchmark--40 years ago, are nowadays generally disfavored, to the extent that their implementation may almost be considered as ignorance in the field. The advent of readily available mass spectrometric techniques has revolutionized the field of fire debris analysis, increasing the degree of sensitivity and discrimination possible considerably. Multi-dimensional GC--particularly GC x GC--while not yet widely applied, is rapidly gaining recognition as an important technique. This comprehensive review focuses on techniques and practices used in fire investigation, from scene investigation to analysis.

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Accelerant classification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and multivariate pattern recognition

Cited by 78 publications

References 18 publications

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil: Effect of season of sampling

Review of Analytical Techniques for Arson Residues

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