ACC oxidase is found in seedlings of two (Coniferales, Gnetales) of the four gymnosperm orders

Reynolds, Elizabeth A.; John, P. S.

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.110105.x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ACO from C. chinensis seeds shows the highest activity in Tricine buffer (data not shown). Our work showed that ACO from C. chinensis has a pH optimum close to 7.0, similar to the enzyme obtained from carnation petals (Nijenhuis-de Vries et al 1994), corn and sunflower (Finlayson et al 1997), and ACO from seedlings of Pinus nigra (Reynolds & John 2000). Other reports showed that optimum pH for in vitro activity of ACO isolated from apple fruit was 7.2 and 7.6 depending on the extraction buffers (Kuai & Dilley 1992).…”

Section: Extraction and Incubation Conditionssupporting

confidence: 86%

In vivo and in vitro Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase in Germinating Seeds of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees)

Chojnowski

Sołtys-Lelek

2020

Journal of Horticultural Research

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The activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO; EC 1.4.3.3) in germinating seeds of Callistephus chinensis was studied. For maximum recovery of ACO activity in vitro, the presence of 10% (w/v) insoluble polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) and 30% of glycerol in the extraction medium was necessary. The optimum pH for this activity was 7.0. Ethylene production by whole achenes or enzymatic extract increased due to increasing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations. Saturation level of ACC for in vivo ACO activity was 10−1 M and Vmax was 10.89 nL C2H4·mg protein−1·h−1. For in vitro ACO activity, the saturation level of ACC was 10−3 M and Vmax was 2.299 nL C2H4·mg protein−1·h−1. Both, in vivo and in vitro ACO activities did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Hill coefficients (h) were estimated on the basis of non-linear estimation. Their values were 0.63 for in vivo ACO activity and 1.73 for in vitro ACO activity. The experimental data show that ACO from C. chinensis seeds is an oligomeric enzyme with at least two active sites. During seed germination, in vitro ACO activity was detectable after 12 hours of imbibition, while in vivo ACC conversion to ethylene was observed after 24 h, i.e. – after radicle protrusion. The activity of ACO in C. chinensis seeds is associated with germination sensu stricto, and might be a good marker of this process.

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Section: Extraction and Incubation Conditionssupporting

confidence: 86%

In vivo and in vitro Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase in Germinating Seeds of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees)

Chojnowski

Sołtys-Lelek

2020

Journal of Horticultural Research

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“…In addition, exogenous ethylene application can increase resin production and the number of resin ducts in several conifer species (Telewski et al 1983;Yamamoto and Kozlowski 1987;Katoh and Croteau 1997;. ACO activity, the Wnal step in ethylene formation, has previously been detected in several conifer species (Plomion et al 2000;Reynolds and John 2000;Klintborg et al 2002), but little is known about the corresponding ACO genes, their expression and cellular localization in conifers and the relationship of ACO with ethylene production and activities of specialized cells for phenolic or terpenoid formation after wounding in stems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ethylene in induced conifer defense: cDNA cloning, protein expression, and cellular and subcellular localization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in resin duct and phenolic parenchyma cells

Hudgins

Ralph

Franceschi

et al. 2006

Planta

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Members of the Pinaceae family have complex chemical defense strategies. Conifer defenses associated with specialized cell types of the bark involve constitutive and inducible accumulation of phenolic compounds in polyphenolic phloem parenchyma cells and oleoresin terpenoids in resin ducts. These defenses can protect trees against insect herbivory and fungal colonization. The phytohormone ethylene has been shown to induce the same anatomical and cellular defense responses that occur following insect feeding, mechanical wounding, or fungal inoculation in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stems (Hudgins and Franceschi in Plant Physiol 135:2134-2149, 2004). However, very little is known about the genes involved in ethylene formation in conifer defense or about the temporal and spatial patterns of their protein expression. The enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) catalyzes the final step in ethylene biosynthesis. We cloned full-length and near full-length ACO cDNAs from three conifer species, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), white spruce (P. glauca), and Douglas fir, each with high similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana ACO proteins. Using an Arabidopsis anti-ACO antibody we determined that ACO is constitutively expressed in Douglas fir stem tissues and is up-regulated by mechanical wounding, consistent with the wound-induced increase of ethylene levels. Immunolocalization showed cytosolic ACO is predominantly present in specialized cell types of the wound-induced bark, specifically in epithelial cells of terpenoid-producing cortical resin ducts, in polyphenolic phloem parenchyma cells, and in ray parenchyma cells.

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“…No ACC oxidase activity was found in needles or buds, although ACC oxidase activity was high in the cambial region (Figure 3). Similarly, Reynolds and John (2000) reported that in vitro ACC oxidase activity was absent from leaf extracts of several conifer species, including Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus radiata D. Don, whereas seedling extracts of the same species showed high activity. Nevertheless, needles and buds can convert ACC to ethylene, as evidenced by their high rate of ethylene evolution (Figure 4).…”

Section: Monthmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It is either converted to ethylene by ACC oxidase or conjugated to malonyl-ACC (MACC) by ACC malonyltransferase (Abeles et al 1992, Martin and or to glutamyl-ACC (GACC) by ACC-γ-glutamyltranspeptidase . 1-Amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity, measured as the ability to convert ACC to ethylene, has been observed in many conifers (Chen et al 1990, Chen and Welburn 1991, Ievinsh and Tillberg 1995, Ingemarsson and Bollmark 1997, Kruzmane and Ievinch 1999, Reynolds and John 2000. There is also evidence that conifers contain conjugated ACC (Yang et al 1993, Christmann and Frenzel 1997, Ingemarsson and Bollmark 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene metabolism in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) shoots during the year

2002

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Ethylene evolution, concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ACC conjugates, activities of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, and cambial growth as measured by tracheid production were monitored from November to July in 1-year-old shoots, and between July and September in current-year shoots, of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Needles, buds and four stem parts (cortex, phloem, cambial region and mature xylem) were surveyed. Ethylene evolution was quantified by gas chromatography. Free ACC and bound ACC (after acidic hydrolysis of ACC conjugates) were quantified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with [2H]ACC as an internal standard. Activities of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase were measured in crude protein extracts. We detected high activities of ACC synthase in needles and buds, but not in stem fractions except the phloem. In July, during the period of intensive shoot growth, we found ACC only in buds and needles. In contrast, ACC oxidase activity was high in stem tissues, particularly in the cambial region during the period of rapid tracheid production, but no ACC oxidase activity was detected in needles and buds. Nevertheless, needles evolved large amounts of ethylene. Ethylene was produced by all stem fractions, and the peak rate of ethylene evolution in the cambial region coincided with the period of maximal tracheid production. Conjugated ACC was present in every fraction except mature xylem. The concentration of conjugated ACC decreased when rates of tracheid production and ethylene evolution were high, suggesting that conjugated ACC may serve as a source for ACC in the cambial region. The regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in Scots pine shoots is discussed.

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ACC oxidase is found in seedlings of two (Coniferales, Gnetales) of the four gymnosperm orders

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

In vivo and in vitro Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase in Germinating Seeds of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees)

In vivo and in vitro Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase in Germinating Seeds of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees)

Ethylene in induced conifer defense: cDNA cloning, protein expression, and cellular and subcellular localization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in resin duct and phenolic parenchyma cells

Ethylene metabolism in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) shoots during the year

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