“…Substantial research effort has been devoted to dealing with the algorithmic challenges of network motif identification and the related graph algorithms [17,22,1,28]. This has led to the development of a number of computational tools, including mfinder [12], MAVisto [25], NeMoFinder [6], FANMOD [29], Grochow-Kellis [9], Kavosh [11], MODA [30], NetMODE [14], Acc-MOTIF [18] and QuateXelero [13] (see also [28] for a review and detailed comparisons). Verification techniques have also been applied to study network motifs.…”