ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Associa

Zipes, Douglas P.; Camm, A. John; Borggrefe, Martin; Buxton, Alfred E.; Chaitman, Bernard; Fromer, Martin; Gregoratos, Gabriel; Klein, George J.; Moss, Arthur J.; Myerburg, Robert J.; Priori, Silvia G.; Quiñones, Miguel Á.; Roden, Dan M.; Silka, Michael J.; Tracy, Cynthia M.; Blanc, Jean Jacques; Budaj, Andrzej; Dean, Veronica; Deckers, Jaap W.; Despres, Catherine; Dickstein, Kenneth; Lekakis, John; McGregor, Keith; Metra, Marco; Morais, João; Osterspey, A.; Tamargo, Juan; Zamorano, José Luís; Smith, Sidney C.; Jacobs, Alice K.; Adams, Cynthia D.; Antman, Elliott M.; Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Hunt, Sharon A.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Nishimura, Rick A.; Ornato, Joseph P.; Page, Richard L.; Riegel, Bárbara

doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl199

Cited by 391 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 300 publications

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“…Because of the frequently insufficient success of pharmacologic therapy, catheter-based VT ablation, mainly targeting the structural arrhythmogenic substrate for VT, is commonly used in these patients but is associated with limited long-term efficacy and significant complications (Zipes et al, 2006). Despite structural substrates, which can be modified by VT-ablation (substrate modification), triggers and autonomic imbalance, characterized by increased sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal, may account for the timing of clinical presentation of the arrhythmia after ventricular injury (Figure 3).…”

Section: Ventriclementioning

confidence: 99%

The nervous heart

Ripplinger

Noujaim

Linz

2016

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

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Many cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities are accompanied by autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Here, we review mechanisms by which the cardiac nervous system controls normal and abnormal excitability and may contribute to atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Moreover, we explore the potential antiarrhythmic and/or arrhythmogenic effects of modulating the autonomic nervous system by several strategies, including ganglionated plexi ablation, vagal and spinal cord stimulations, and renal sympathetic denervation as therapies for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

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Section: Ventriclementioning

confidence: 99%

The nervous heart

Ripplinger

Noujaim

Linz

2016

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

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“…Antiarrhythmic medications and catheter ablation remain the standard of care in patients with ES or other refractory VA (3). The role of the autonomic nervous system in ventricular arrhythmogenesis is well recognized (4), and neural modulation via a number of avenues is increasingly gaining traction (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Stellate Ganglion Blockade in Managing Electrical Storm

Meng

Tseng

Shivkumar

et al. 2017

JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology

126

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BACKGROUND The efficacy of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (SGB) for managing electrical storm (ES) is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To characterize the efficacy of SGB as a treatment for ES. METHODS We conducted literature searches using PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar, for mixed combinations of terms including “stellate ganglion block”, *ganglion block (ade)”, “sympathetic block (ade)” and “arrhythmia”, “ventricular arrhythmia (VA)” or “tachycardia" (VT), "ventricular fibrillation" (VF), "electrical storm”. Inclusion criteria were presentation with guideline-defined ES and treatment with SGB. Exclusion criteria: presentation with any supraventricular arrhythmia, VA without ES, or surgical sympathectomy. Studies lacking basic demographic data, arrhythmia description, and outcomes were excluded. RESULTS Of 3,374 publications reviewed, 38 patients from 23 studies met study criteria (52 ± 19.1 years, 11 F, 17 with ischemic cardiomyopathy). Anti-arrhythmics were used in all patients. Mean Left ventricular ejection fraction was 31 ± 10%. ES was triggered by acute myocardial infarction in 15 patients and QT prolongation in 7 patients. The most common local anesthetic used for SGB was bupivacaine (0.25–0.5%). SGB resulted in a significant decrease in VA burden (12.4±8.8 vs. 1.04±2.12 episodes/day, p< 0.001) and number of external and ICD shocks (10.0±9.1 vs. 0.05±0.22 shocks/day, p< 0.01). Following SGB, 80.6% of patients survived to discharge. CONCLUSION SGB is an effective acute treatment for ES. However, larger prospective randomized studies are needed to better understand the role of SGB in ES and other VAs.

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“…Sudden cardiac death, which comprises 33–50% of deaths in patients with chronic heart disease [9,10,11], is primarily considered to follow rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries [12,13]. Statins stabilize the atherosclerotic plaques by reducing the lipid content and activity of inflammatory cells in and around the plaques [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Sudden Cardiac Deaths after Short-Term Clarithromycin Administration in the CLARICOR Trial: Why Is This So, and Why Are Statins Protective?

et al. 2011

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Objectives: To elucidate potential mechanisms for the clarithromycin-induced excess mortality observed in the CLARICOR trial during 2.6 year follow-up of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods: Cox analyses using out-of-hospital death as a proxy for sudden death compared to in-hospital (nonsudden) death. Result: In 100 of 189 (53%) cardiovascular (CV) deaths in which it was possible to examine the question, there was a strong association between place of death and the classification of CV death as sudden or not-sudden. The excess mortality in the clarithromycin group was confined to sudden CV death in patients not on statins at trial entry (HR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.69–4.05, p < 0.0005). Other categories of deaths showed no marked drug-placebo difference. Conclusions: Short-term clarithromycin administration was significantly associated with increased risk of sudden CV death in stable coronary heart disease patients not using statins.

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Cited by 391 publications

References 300 publications

The nervous heart

The nervous heart

Efficacy of Stellate Ganglion Blockade in Managing Electrical Storm

Excess Sudden Cardiac Deaths after Short-Term Clarithromycin Administration in the CLARICOR Trial: Why Is This So, and Why Are Statins Protective?

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