ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): Executive Summary A Collaborative Report From the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery,⁎⁎AAVS/SVS when Guideline initiated, now merged into SVSSociety for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guideline

Hirsch, Alan T.; Haskal, Ziv J.; Hertzer, Norman; Bakal, Curtis W.; Creager, Mark A.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Hiratzka, Loren F.; Murphy, William R.; Olin, Jeffrey W.; Puschett, Jules B.; Rosenfield, Kenneth; Sacks, David; Stanley, James C.; Taylor, Lloyd M.; White, Christopher J.; White, John V.; White, Rodney A.; Antman, EM; Smith, Sidney C.; Adams, Cynthia D.; Anderson, J. Lawford; Faxon, D. P.; Fuster, Valentín; Gibbons, Raymond J.; Hunt, Sharon A.; Jacobs, Alice K.; Nishimura, Ryohei; Ornato, J. P.; Page, Rory; Riegel, Bárbara

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.009

Cited by 919 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 453 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…ABI measurements were obtained per standard protocol 11. After the participant rested supine for 5 minutes, systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured in both arms with the appropriate‐sized arm cuff.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Chen

Mohler

Garimella

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundThe clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite increased prevalence of high ABI attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of ABI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality among CKD patients.Methods and ResultsThree thousand six hundred twenty‐seven participants without clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) at baseline from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were included. ABI was obtained per standard protocol and CVD events were confirmed by medical record adjudication. A U‐shaped association of ABI with PAD, myocardial infarction (MI), composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality was observed. Individuals with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4 had the lowest risk of outcomes. Compared to participants with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4, multiple‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those with an ABI of <0.9, 0.9 to <1.0, and ≥1.4 were 5.78 (3.57, 9.35), 2.76 (1.56, 4.88), and 4.85 (2.05, 11.50) for PAD; 1.67 (1.23, 2.29), 1.85 (1.33, 2.57), and 2.08 (1.10, 3.93) for MI; 1.51 (1.27, 1.79), 1.39 (1.15, 1.68), and 1.23 (0.82, 1.84) for composite CVD; and 1.55 (1.28, 1.89), 1.36 (1.10, 1.69), and 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) for all‐cause mortality, respectively.ConclusionsThis study indicates that ABI <1.0 was related to risk of PAD, MI, composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality whereas ABI ≥1.4 was related to clinical PAD. These findings suggest that ABI cutpoints of <1.0 or ≥1.4 for diagnosing PAD and ABI <1.0 for CVD risk stratification should be further evaluated among CKD patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Chen

Mohler

Garimella

et al. 2016

JAHA

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“…It is estimated that coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in 40-60% of patients with PAD, and deaths from stroke occur in 10-20%. It is estimated that 5-7% of patients with asymptomatic PAD will have a cardiovascular episode within one year [13]. In Table 2 we have shown that cardiac or cerebral incidents were reported in approximately 8% of our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Cross-sectional study of the ankle–brachial index and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Wierzchowski

Dereziński²,

Migdalski³

et al. 2017

Kardiol Pol

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A b s t r a c tBackground: The incidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and cardiovascular (CV) events in the female population has been on the increase. Aim:To analyse the risk factors of a CV event and PAD in women and to assess the usefulness of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Methods:Evaluation of selected parameters in a cohort of 365 women living in the same district. The following data were prospectively recorded: weight, height, waist size, hip circumference, smoking, the intima-media complex, ABI value, and laboratory results. PAD symptoms, CV events and neurological events were noted. ABI was analysed assuming pathology for values: ≤ 0.9 or ≤ 1.0.Results: Age, plasma glucose level, atrial fibrillation, and nicotine addiction were correlated independently with CV disease and stroke (p < 0.001). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, height, and systolic blood pressure were correlated independently with ABI values (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the occurrence of a CV event in the past and the ABI, irrespective of the cut-off point for the reference value (p = NS). Conclusions:There is no evidence that stricter criteria for the assessment of ABI better represent the vascular status in the female population.

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“…The focus of the clinical trials lies in atherosclerotic diseases such as PAD, which is a manifestation of generalized atherosclerotic disease [36]. The results of the studies in angina pectoris, ischemic stroke, and intellectual impairment due to atherosclerosis support the hypothesis that Padma 28 is not only effective in symptoms of atherosclerosis of the leg and pelvic arteries leading to intermittent claudication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Studies on the Efficacy and Safety of Padma 28, a Complex Herbal Formulation from Tibetan Medicine: An Overview

Vennos¹,

Melzer

Saller

2013

Complement Med Res

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Background: Padma 28 is an herbal formula from Tibetan Medicine, which since 35 years has been registered in Switzerland as a drug for the symptoms of circulatory disorders. Over this time, a large body of scientific literature has accumulated. The aim of this article was to give an overview of the clinical studies. Methods: A systematic literature search was done in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT). The clinical trials found were assessed regarding fields of application, efficacy, and safety, as well as methodological quality and level of evidence. Results: 29 trials (1 meta-analysis, 21 controlled trials, 7 open trials) and 3 retrospective case studies were found. They deal with different indications and include a total of 1,704 verum (of these, 697 children), 333 placebo, and 394 untreated or healthy patients. Dropouts and withdrawals were 2.5 and 3.5 times higher in the placebo than in the verum group, respectively. The highest level of evidence for the use of Padma 28 was found in the indication of intermittent claudication (11 trials). Indications of efficacy were also found in other vascular (6 trials) and different inflammatory diseases (12 trials). Conclusions: The results suggest a favorable safety profile for Padma 28, also in the children examined (41% of the study population). Furthermore, the results show a broad field of applications. According to clinical evidence, Padma 28 has shown to be a safe and effective symptomatic treatment option for atherosclerosis-related diseases such as intermittent claudication. It also seems to have a potential for application in certain chronic inflammatory diseases such as recurrent respiratory tract infections, viral hepatitis, and multiple sclerosis. However, further randomized controlled trials (RCT) are needed to confirm these findings.

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Cited by 919 publications

References 453 publications

Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Cross-sectional study of the ankle–brachial index and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Clinical Studies on the Efficacy and Safety of Padma 28, a Complex Herbal Formulation from Tibetan Medicine: An Overview

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