Acaricides

Abstract

In this updated version some new and basic information has been added to Chapter 1 in order to provide the reader with some biological background about mites: their place in the animal kingdom, their classification, and characteristics of these very small animals. In addition the list of currently known, economically important mites has been updated. Since the use of predatory mites in integrated pest management is becoming increasingly important, some commercially available predatory mites are briefly described. Chapter 2 has been expanded with further information on the chemical properties of the compounds, e.g. their environmental stability, or lability, as an aid to better understanding their behavior in the environment. Chapter 3 has been supplemented with ecological data on various avian and aquatic species. The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. General Information 1.2. Characterization and Classification of Acari 1.3. Economically Important Mites 1.4. Life Cycle, Behavior, and Characteristics of Mites 1.5. Chemical Control of Mites 1.6. Integrated Pest Management 2. Acaricides 2.1. Antibiotic Acaricides 2.1.1. Nucleotide Analogue Acaricides 2.1.2. Macrocyclic Lactone Acaricides 2.1.2.1. Avermectin Acaricides 2.1.2.2. Milbemycin Acaricides 2.2. Bridged Diphenyl Acaricides 2.3. Carbamate and Oxime Carbamate Acaricides 2.3.1. Carbamate Acaricides 2.3.2. Oxime Carbamate Acaricides 2.4. Carbazate Acaricides 2.5. Dinitrophenol Acaricides 2.6. Formamidine Acaricides 2.7. Mite Growth Regulators 2.8. Organochlorine Acaricides 2.9. Organophosphorus Acaricides 2.9.1. Organophosphate Acaricides 2.9.2. Organothiophosphate Acaricides 2.9.3. Phosphonate Acaricides 2.9.4. Phosphoramidothioate Acaricides 2.10. Organotin Acaricides 2.11. Phenylsulfamide Acaricides 2.12. Pyrazole and Phenylpyrazole Acaricides 2.13. Pyrethroid Acaricides 2.13.1. Pyrethroid Ester Acaricides 2.13.2. Pyrethroid Ether Acaricides 2.14. Pyrrole Acaricides 2.15. Quinoxaline Acaricides 2.16. Sulfite Ester Acaricides 2.17. Unclassified Acaricides 3. Toxikology 3.1. Antibiotic Acaricides 3.1.1. Nucleotide Analogue Acaricides 3.1.2. Macrocyclic Lactone Acaricides 3.1.2.1. Avermectin Acaricides 3.1.2.2. Milbemycin Acaricides 3.2. Bridged Diphenyl Acaricides 3.3. Carbamate And Oxime Carbamate Acaricides 3.3.1. Carbamate Acaricides 3.3.2. Oxime Carbamate Acaricides 3.4. Carbazate Acaricides 3.5. Dinitrophenol Acaricides 3.6. Formamidine Acaricides 3.7. Mite Growth Regulators 3.8. Organochlorine Acaricides 3.9. Organophosphorus Acaricides 3.9.1. Organophosphate Acaricides 3.9.2. Organothiophosphate Acaricides 3.9.3. Phosphonate Acaricides 3.9.4. Phosphoramidothioate Acaricides 3.10. Organotin Acaricides 3.11. Phenylsulfamide Acaricides 3.12. Pyrazole And Phenylpyrazole Acaricides 3.13. Pyrethroid Acaricides 3.13.1. Pyrethroid Ester Acaricides 3.13.2. Pyrethroid Ether Acaricides 3.14. Pyrrole Acaricides 3.15. Quinoxaline Acaricides 3.16. Sulfite Ester Acaricides 3.17. Unclassified Acaricides References

An accurate and sensitive determination of selected pesticides in mixed fruit juice samples using the combination of a simple and efficient microextraction method and GC-MS with a matrix matching calibration strategy

“…Nowadays, large amounts of pesticides are employed in modern agriculture to increase crop yield by controlling pests and weeds during the production of high quality food (fruit, vegetables and cereals). 1 The selected pesticides used in this study have been generally applied to fruit to control fungus, 2 plant mites, 3 weeds 4 and insects. 5 On the other hand, there are harmful effects of pesticides on non-target humans, animals and plants.…”

Determination of Fenobucarb and Chlorbenside in Wastewater and Lake Water Samples by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

“…Chlorbenside is an organochlorine pesticide by its chemical class and an acaricide according to its target organism such as mites and ticks. It possesses very efficient ovicidal and larvicidal activities, and it is mostly applied to fruits and other crops prior to their blossom stage (Müller, Streibert, & Farooq, 2009). The persistence of chlorbenside in soil is quite low and it is therefore oxidized into sulfoxide or sulfone in the presence of air.…”