Acaricidal Efficacy of Jasmine and Lavender Essential Oil or Mustard Fixed Oil against Two-Spotted Spider Mite and Their Impact on Growth and Yield of Eggplants

Abstract

Eggplant is repeatedly attacked by numerous pests, particularly two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), which considerably decline plant productivity. Synthetic acaricides are frequently applied for controlling TSSM, resulting in environmental pollution. The utilization of rational novel substances which repel or prevent TSSM establishment represents a sustainable eco-friendly to reduce the utilization of agrochemicals. A greenhouse investigation was done for assessing the bio-acaricidal activity of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) fixed oil (MFO), jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum L.) essential oil (JEO), or lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) essential oil (LEO), and their influences on eggplant growth and productivity. The results demonstrated that JEO represents the most acaricidal properties against TSSM followed by MFO and/or LEO compared to control. Spraying with natural oils significantly improved eggplant growth, i.e., plant height, number of leaves, and branches/plant, in addition to the leaf area and relative leaf dry mass of the 3rd–5th upper leaves. The JEO had the strongest positive effect compared with other oils or control. Additionally, Natural oils application significantly increased photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll a:b ratio, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ascorbic acid, and phenols. The application of oils increased yield and its quality. In this study, JEO (2.5 mL/l) is shown to be extremely promising for the progress of new eco-friendly acaricides, improving plant growth and increasing eggplant yield.

Antibiosis of strawberry genotypes to the spotted spider mite

“…The main one involves the application of chemical pesticides (ATTIA et al, 2013;SHEN et al, 2021). However, the use of biological products (VIDRIH et al, 2021) such as essential oils (FAROUK et al, 2021) is gaining traction as a sustainable and ecologically friendly method, because the excessive application of chemical acaricides leads to environmental pollution and resistance. Indeed, control methods based only on the use of synthetic acaricides often are unable to maintain the number of mites below levels that cause economic damage (ATTIA et al, 2013), so it is necessary to use complementary control measures, such as the cultivation of resistant genotypes (varietal control) (BROWN et al, 2018;WANG et al, 2018).…”

"Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oil and Aqueous Extract of Eucalyptus Globulus L. Against Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on Eggplant"

“…Eggplant or brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and offers to human hepatoprotection and cardio protection due to its phenolic, antioxidant and anti-microbial substances [1]. China, India, Indonesia, Egypt, Turkey and Iraq were the most eggplant productive countries [2]. In Saudi Arabia, eggplant is among the most produced vegetables, along with tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and zucchini [3].…”

“…Drawing out the sap of plants using their piercing and sucking mouthparts, the spider mites were responsible for serious damage. Spider mites' motile stages sucking sap principally from leaves epidermis, which causes yellowing and discoloration of leaves, chlorophyll, and water content lowering, induces fungi, bacteria, and viruses infestations, exerts a negative impact on productivity and economic returns for farmers [2].…”

“…In this case, and in order to reduce synthetic acaricides negative effects, naturalbased pesticides have been considered good alternatives and introduced as a prospective choice for arthropod suppression [8]. Indeed, natural-based pesticides have lethal or sublethal effects such as repellent, miticidal, and oviposition deterrent activities on numerous pests and cause fewer effects on the environment, natural enemies and pollinators [2,9]. Furthermore, botanical pesticides have numerous active molecules that exert diverse modes of action and are possibly capable of efficiently averting the appearance of resistant pest races.…”

“…have now been known to affect the growth, development, reproduction of pests, principally insects and mites [10]. In recent years, the miticidal and repellent activities of natural-based pesticides (Aqueous and ethanol extracts, essential and fixed oils) have been actively explored [2,[11][12][13]. Studies have demonstrated that natural extracts and oils are safe, precise in action, and potentially appropriate for utilizing in mite management programs [14][15][16].…”