Acardiac twin. Report of Doppler sonography.

First-Trimester Findings Associated with Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence

“…In addition, discordant development between fetuses is also postulated to be required for the establishment of the TRAP sequence [1,2]. Although several prenatal diagnoses [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] have been reported, ultasonographic findings associated with this condition during the first trimester have not been elucidated. We report a case of discordant monochorionic twin pregnancy, which resulted in TRAP sequence.…”

Color-flow and Doppler velocimetry in prenatal diagnosis of acardiac triplet.

“…In their review, 25% of the acardiac twins had birth weights of 70% higher than the pump twins.7 Pretorius et al recently documented normal femur growth in an acardiac fetus. 8 An interesting observation 'in our case was that somatic growth of the lower limbs of the acardiac fetus appeared to be accelerated according to serial sonographic femur measurements. We speculate that this could be due to the change in the blood flow pattern.…”

Constriction of an Extremity after Amnioreduction in a TRAP-Like Sequence

“…In TRAP sequence Pretorious et al [2] verified re versed arterial flow in the acardiac twin by Doppler so nography, confirming prenatally the hypothesized patho logical mechanism. In two respects, the case presented is an unusual variant of TRAP sequence.…”

“…1:25,000 deliveries [1], The sequence is based on umbilical arterial-to-arterial anasto mosis allowing blood to circulate with pulsatile pressure from the normal fetus (donor) through the acardiac twin (recipient). The blood flow in the abnormal twin is char acterized by a reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) [2], The blood enters via umbilical arteries and leaves via the umbilical vein. Usually, acardiac twins display a variety of malformations predominantly located in the upper half of the body, such as acrania, abnormal development of the upper extremities and abdominal wall defects.…”